Leachate treatment using a demonstration aged refuse biofilter

Approximately 7000 m3 of aged refuse (AR) with a placement of over eight years was excavated from Shanghai Refuse Landfill, the largest landfill in China, and used for the construction of a two-stage bioreactor (AR biofilter) media for the biological treatment of 100 m3 of refuse landfill leachate. It was found that over 64% of COD, 96.9%–99.8% of NH4 +-N, and 95.8%–99.8% of BOD5 could be removed by the AR biofilter, when the leachate with initial COD, BOD5, and NH4 +-N concentrations were 986–4128 mg/L, 264–959 mg/L, and 538–1583 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding concentrations in the e uent were reduced to below 300–400 mg/L, 2–12 mg/L, and 10–20 mg/L, respectively. The e uent was clear and pale yellow with suspended solid below 150 mg/L and color below 150 Pt/Co degree. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen removal was only 49%–63%, indicating a relative poor denitrification capacity of AR biofilter. The e uent pH was neutral and the population of Escherichia coli was less than 10??1 CFU/mL. Hence, it was considered that the demonstration project can work well for the e ective treatment of leachate.     

准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床的最佳工况研究

准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床是一种新型、高效的渗滤液处理技术,为了确定准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床处理渗滤液的最佳运行工况,设计了按L(934)运行的正交实验。研究表明,温度(A)、回灌频率(B)、水力负荷(C)、进水COD浓度(D)4个因素对COD、氨氮和总氮去除率3个指标项的影响程度各有不同,其中对COD的影响由大到小依次为C→D→A→B,氨氮为D→B→A→C,总氮为B→D→C→A。运用"综合平衡法"分析得其最佳运行工况为:温度30℃、回灌频率3 d/次、回灌量2 L/次、进水COD浓度50 000 mg/L,其水力负荷为30 L(/m3.次)、有机负荷约550 g(/m3.d)。结果表明,该技术不但操作运行简单,而且能有效去除渗滤液中的污染物,尤其是对TN的去除优势十分明显,是一种具有良好应用前景的渗滤液处理技术。     

老龄渗滤液氨氮在地下咸水条件下变迁过程研究

垃圾进入填埋场后将持续近百年的降解,其产生的渗滤液对周边环境造成了长时间污染。海滨填埋场作为沿海地区生活垃圾的一种重要处理方式,在垃圾长时间稳定化过程中,老龄渗滤液泄漏引发的地下环境问题具有一定的独特性。文章以老龄渗滤液氨氮为指标,通过构建砂箱实验来研究老龄渗滤液在咸水条件下的迁移转化过程。结果表明:在地下咸水环境中,渗滤液氨氮较易沿水流水平方向扩散,扩散速度随空间推移不断降低,而垂直方向运移速度相对较慢;同时老龄渗滤液的碳物质的迁移速度低于氨氮的迁移速率,因此在离污染源较近的位置,碳物质浓度随运移时间浓度增加较大;而对于老龄渗滤液中的其他氮则比氨氮运移速度要慢。对于浓度较低的老龄渗滤液,其在地下环境中污染范围相对较小,如果污染源得到控制,其地下环境中具有良好的自我净化能力。     

Job Redesign Needs for Aged Workers

The aim of this paper is to explore and present a proposal for redesigning elements of the workplace for agech workers. The method of research was to observe, record, and measure the actions of sitting workers performing assembly operations on electrical products in the Kani Plant Nagoya Works of Mitsubishi Electric Co. (Japan). The evaluation index used in the experiment was obtained by measuring time motion elements, cycle time per product, and motion velocity waves of elderly workers. Those motion characteristics were then compared to the motion characteristics of young workers. The results led to job redesign elements being identified to reduce handling factors of high difficulty for aged workers and to the necessity to consider a coefficient of correction in Method Time Measurement (MTM) according to differences in the manufactured object’s weight.     

我国城市人口老龄化的交通安全问题与对策

随着人口老龄化趋势 ,给我国交通安全管理带来了新的问题 ,特别是在人口老龄化速度较高的城市。为了更好地保障老年人交通安全及其他合法交通权益 ,根据老年人的交通心理特征及活动规律 ,应采取适合老年人特点的交通安全管理方法和对策 :从安全教育的角度出发 ,倡导以家庭教育为主 ,以开展专门教育、组织交通安全活动等社会教育为辅 ;从出行管理的角度出发 ,加强路面老年人交通管理 ,创造良好的交通设施和环境 ,提倡穿着艳丽服装。     

黄精多糖对老龄大鼠记忆获得和记忆再现的影响

用中药黄精（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍｓｐ．）中提取的多糖ＰＰ三种剂量连续灌胃老龄大鼠,于ｄ１５和ｄ３０进行迷宫测定,以检测黄精多糖对大鼠记忆获得和记忆再现的影响．结果显示：连续灌胃１５ｄ,黄精多糖能明显降低大鼠迷宫测试中的错误次数,显著提高大鼠学习和记忆能力;ｄ３０测试获同样结果,潜伏期测试表明能明显缩短潜伏期．另外ＰＰ对大鼠的体重变化无影响,也无副作用     

学龄儿童肺功能水平影响因素的研究

用逐步回归分析方法对与室内、外空气污染和机体状况等有关的因素对广州市学龄儿童肺功能 (FVC、FEV1 、PEFR和 FEF2 5～ 75 )水平的影响进行研究。结果提示 ,影响肺功能水平的主要因素是内因 ,身高的影响最明显 ,呼吸系统疾病或症状发生与肺功能水平下降有关 ;室外空气污染使肺功能水平下降 ,SO2 、NOx 和 PM2 .5 的影响明显 ,PM2 .5 的影响明显大于 PM1 0 和 TSP;居室或厨房通风不良、家庭烹饪用不洁燃料对儿童肺功能的生长不利 ;被动吸烟对女性儿童肺功能有不利影响。对各种影响因素 ,PEFR和 FEF2 5～ 75 比 FVC和 FEV1 更为敏感