南海海洋环境下机载电子设备的腐蚀及外场防护对策

针对南海海洋大气环境下机载电子设备腐蚀故障率较大的问题,对现役飞机机载电子设备材料体系、外场故障现象及腐蚀机理进行了系统分析。结果表明,电子设备及其元器件受到微量的腐蚀就会对其功能、性能产生较大的影响,现役飞机电子设备的三防设计无法满足南海严酷的环境适应性要求,开展综合环境加速试验技术、微腐蚀机制及电信号传输与腐蚀间的对应关系等关键技术研究,是今后的重点研究方向。最后结合腐蚀原因和特点,给出了飞机外场具体腐蚀防护对策。     

电路板的大气污染物典型腐蚀分析及防护

目的 解决电路板在大气污染物环境下的腐蚀失效问题,提升电路板在大气污染环境中的适应性。方法 从器件选型角度,结合厚膜电阻和SMD LED两种电路板典型腐蚀失效案例,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对腐蚀部位形貌分析,利用EDS能谱分析仪分析腐蚀元素和确定入侵路径。通过现场一年的应用对比验证,评价不同封装结构物料的抗腐蚀能力。从电路板涂覆涂层角度,利用恒定盐雾和交变盐雾对比试验,评价不同工艺参数涂层的抗腐蚀能力。结果 通过对厚膜电阻和SMD 硅胶封装LED失效样品的分析,硫元素从器件封装靠近镀银构件结构的薄弱点入侵,生成AgS,最终导致器件失效。带有抗硫化镀层的厚膜电阻和环氧树脂封装LED可以有效切断空气中硫元素的入侵路径,避免腐蚀失效发生。另一方面,通过168 h恒定盐雾和144 h交变盐雾试验结果的分析,随着涂覆厚度和材料黏度的增加,样品的抗盐雾能力得到有效提升,器件引脚位置得到更好的防护。结论 通过改变器件封装、增加涂层涂覆的厚度和材料黏度可以有效提高电路板抗大气污染物腐蚀的能力。该研究对电路板防腐蚀物料选型和涂层工艺参数选择提供了参考。     

重庆大气微生物污染状况调查与评价

本文在对重庆大气微生物污染含量调查的基础上，评价分析了重庆大气微生物的污染状况。调查结果表明：城区大气微生物污染高于区县；并分析了霉菌污染普遍性的原因。     

The influence of personal protection equipment,occupant body size,and restraint system on the frontal impact responses of Hybrid III ATDs in tactical vehicles

Objective: Although advanced restraint systems, such as seat belt pretensioners and load limiters, can provide improved occupant protection in crashes, such technologies are currently not utilized in military vehicles. The design and use of military vehicles presents unique challenges to occupant safety—including differences in compartment geometry and occupant clothing and gear—that make direct application of optimal civilian restraint systems to military vehicles inappropriate. For military vehicle environments, finite element (FE) modeling can be used to assess various configurations of restraint systems and determine the optimal configuration that minimizes injury risk to the occupant. The models must, however, be validated against physical tests before implementation. The objective of this study was therefore to provide the data necessary for FE model validation by conducting sled tests using anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). A secondary objective of this test series was to examine the influence of occupant body size (5th percentile female, 50th percentile male, and 95th percentile male), military gear (helmet/vest/tactical assault panels), seat belt type (3-point and 5-point), and advanced seat belt technologies (pretensioner and load limiter) on occupant kinematics and injury risk in frontal crashes.

Methods: In total, 20 frontal sled tests were conducted using a custom sled buck that was reconfigurable to represent both the driver and passenger compartments of a light tactical military vehicle. Tests were performed at a delta-V of 30 mph and a peak acceleration of 25 g. The sled tests used the Hybrid III 5th percentile female, 50th percentile male, and 95th percentile male ATDs outfitted with standard combat boots and advanced combat helmets. In some tests, the ATDs were outfitted with additional military gear, which included an improved outer tactical vest (IOTV), IOTV and squad automatic weapon (SAW) gunner with a tactical assault panel (TAP), or IOTV and rifleman with TAP. ATD kinematics and injury outcomes were determined for each test.

Results: Maximum excursions were generally greater in the 95th percentile male compared to the 50th percentile male ATD and in ATDs wearing TAP compared to ATDs without TAP. Pretensioners and load limiters were effective in decreasing excursions and injury measures, even when the ATD was outfitted in military gear.

Conclusions: ATD injury response and kinematics are influenced by the size of the ATD, military gear, and restraint system. This study has provided important data for validating FE models of military occupants, which can be used for design optimization of military vehicle restraint systems.     

基于ADC效能模型的防空导弹系统可靠性分析

在建立了防空导弹武器系统ADC综合效能模型的基础上,分析了防空导弹武器系统效能要素的物理含义以及系统可靠性的重要意义,提出了预测系统可靠性的量化评估模型和提高系统可靠性的设计方法,有助于防空导弹武器系统可靠性与系统效能目标的实现.     

呼和浩特市不同粒径空气颗粒物上酞酸酯的污染

采用大流量采样器和五段分级采样头，对呼和浩特市冬夏两季不同粒径空气颗粒物中酞酸酯（ＰＡＥ）进行采样分析，结果表明：不同粒径的酞酸酯含量范围为６８３—７４４ｎｇ／ｍ３（标），其中富集在空气动力学当量直径＜７０μｍ以内的占７２５％—９１２％，富集在≤１１μｍ以内的占１００％—４５５％．     

北京地区大气颗粒物中硝基多环芳烃与多环芳烃的研究

提出了一套包括提取、还原、分离及同时测定硝基多环芳烃及多环芳烃的分析方法.通过对北京几个不同功能区所采样品的分析及Ames短期生物实验,进一步肯定北京大气颗粒物中不仅含有致突变物和致癌物多环芳烃,还含有直接致突变物硝基多环芳烃,这两类化合物在大气颗粒物中的含量均呈现“冬高夏低’的规律,它们在商业区,居民区的污染更为严重.     

我国大气颗粒物表征研究进展

综述了国内有关大气颗粒物表征的研究进展，主要围绕大气颗粒物的基本特性、化学组成及其存在状态、毒理学、及源解析的研究进行了阐述。最后，文章还展望了其今后的研究发展方向。     

航空遥感探测海上溢油的技术

对加拿大环境技术中心应急科学部多年来在航空遥感探测海上溢油方面的研究成果进行了汇总 ,对各国不同类型的航空遥感技术的性能、成本及飞机的要求进行了比较分析