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61.
天然有机物在氧化铝表面的吸附机理研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
考察了天然有机物(NOM)的2种分离组份(憎水部分HyO,亲水部分HyI)和一种商用腐殖酸(CHA)在氧化铝表面的吸附-解吸行为规律,从芳香性、分子量、极性的角度探讨了NOM自身特性对吸附性能的影响,并通过改变溶液性质(pH值、离子强度、二价阳离子Ca2 ),进一步论证了NOM在金属氧化物表面的吸附机理.结果表明,芳香性高、弱极性的有机物吸附性能较强;降低溶液的pH值,有助于增加吸附剂的吸附容量;离子强度和Ca2 对吸附行为的影响,与NOM自身和内部组分的性质有关.NOM吸附于金属氧化物表面的机理,可以归结为配位体交换、静电作用、憎水作用、阳离子架桥等多个因素共同作用的结果.采用原子力显微成像技术,进一步从微观角度证实了憎水作用和阳离子架桥作用的存在. 相似文献
62.
煤矸石资源充分利用的新工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从煤矸石中提取氧化铝,并用残渣直接煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料,同时作废气、废液循环,是煤矸石资源开发利用的新工艺。通过对工艺原理的研究,揭示了煤矸石-石灰石-纯碱烧结过程的反应历程及影响氧化铝提取率的因素,分析了残渣直接煅烧水泥熟料的机理和废气、废液循环利用的可能性,实现了资源的合理利用。 相似文献
63.
64.
Jeong-Geol Na Byung-Hwan Jeong Soo Hyun Chung Seong-Soo Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(2):126-132
Catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived silica–alumina catalysts
(FSAs). FSAs were prepared by a simple activation method that basically includes NaOH treatment of fly ash by a fusion method,
followed by an aging process. A series of LDPE pyrolysis experiments was conducted and the catalytic performance of FSAs was
assessed in terms of the degradation temperature and the simulated boiling point distribution of the liquid products. The
effects of synthesis conditions such as NaOH/fly ash weight ratio and aging time were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD),
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and scanning electron microscope to clarify the controlling factors affecting
the catalytic activity. To obtain catalyst with high activity, it is necessary to produce sufficient silica and alumina species
that can be easily co-precipitated into solid acid catalyst by destruction of the fly ash structure and to optimize the activation
time for catalyst synthesis to prevent the transformation into inactive phases. The catalytic performance of FSA obtained
from optimal conditions was equivalent to that of commercial catalysts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the catalyst. 相似文献
65.
66.
A new process for removing the pollutants in aqueous solution-activated alumina bed in pulsed high-voltage electric field was investigated for the removal of phenol under different conditions. The experimental results indicated the increase in removal rate with increasing applied voltage, increasing pH value of the solution, aeration, and adding Fe^2+. The removal rate of phenol could reach 72.1% when air aeration flow rate was 1200 ml/min, and 88.2% when 0.05 mmol/L Fe^2+ was added into the solution under the conditions of applied voltage 25 kV, initial phenol concentration of 5 mg/L, and initial pH value 5.5. The addition of sodium carbonate reduced the phenol removal rate. In the pulsed high-voltage electric field, local discharge occurred at the surface of activated alumina, which promoted phenol degradation in the thin water film. At the same time, the space-time distribution of gas-liquid phases was more uniform and the contact areas of the activated species generated from the discharge and the pollutant molecules were much wider due to the effect of the activated alumina bed. The synthetical effects of the pulsed high-voltage electric field and the activated alumina particles accelerated phenol degradation. 相似文献
67.
Carlos A. Guzman-Perez Jafar Soltan Jared Robertson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):544-552
Using a laboratory-scale mixed reactor, the performance of alumina in degrading 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with ozone in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol radical scavenger was studied. The operating variables investigated were the dose of alumina catalyst and solution pH. Results showed that using ozone and alumina leads to a significant increase in 2,4-D removal in comparison to non-catalytic ozonation and adsorption processes. The observed reaction rate constants (kobs ) for 2,4-D during ozonation were found to increase linearly with increasing catalyst dose. At pH 5, the kobs value increased from 19.3 to 26 M?1 s?1 and 67 M?1 s?1 when varying the alumina dose from 1 to 2 and 4 g L?1, respectively. As pH was increased, higher reaction rates were observed for both non-catalytic ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes. Thus, at pH 3 and using a catalyst dose of 8 g L?1, the kobs values for non-catalytic ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes were 3.4 and 58.9 M?1 s?1, respectively, whereas at pH 5 reaction rate constants of 6.5 and 128.5 M?1 s?1 were observed, respectively. Analysis of total organic carbon suggested that catalytic ozonation with alumina achieved a considerable level of mineralization of 2,4-D. Adsorption of 2,4-D on alumina was found to play an important role in the catalytic ozonation process. 相似文献
68.
The adsorption of Sb(V) ions from aqueous solutions onto commercially available activated alumina (AA) was investigated. AA has a much higher adsorption capacity than presently used adsorbents. Sb(V) ions are likely adsorbed through electrostatic attraction and/or specific adsorption mechanism, while the optimum pH is found in the range of 2.8–4.3. The Sb(V) ions adsorption capacities increase with increasing temperature. The addition of nitrate, acetate, arsenite, chloride, and silicate ions affected Sb(V) ions adsorption only slightly, while the coexisting ascorbate, arsenate, phosphate, sulfate, EDTA, tartrate, and citrate ions substantially depressed Sb(V) ions adsorption. 相似文献
69.
采用Fe2(SO4)3和Al2(SO4)3两种盐对活性氧化铝进行改性,通过静态吸附实验,研究了改性活性氧化铝对水中氟离子的吸附特性及影响因素.改性后的活性氧化铝吸附容量显著提高,25℃下吸附容量达到6.25 mg·g-1.改性活性氧化铝对氟的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温吸附规律.吸附过程ΔG0<0、ΔH0>0、ΔS0>0,表明改性吸附剂对氟的吸附是自发的,是吸热、熵增加的反应.吸附最佳p H值为6,吸附过程中,共存PO3-4对吸附效果影响最大. 相似文献
70.
电渗析法处理氧化铝厂外排废水 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
氧化铝厂每日排放大量生产废水,这些废水对环境造成了严重污染,同时也严重浪费了水资源.针对这一问题,本文用电渗析法处理及回收利用氧化铝厂外排废水.试验采用循环式脱盐,试验过程中控制淡水体积是浓水体积的4倍,即废水回收率为80%,分别进行恒压、恒电流操作以及恒压条件下淡水进水线速度对脱盐效果的影响等试验,确定本体系的最佳操作条件.采用100 V端电压,控制淡水、浓水进水线速度为5 cm/s的条件下,进行3次平行脱盐试验,结果表明试验重复性好,制得的淡水含盐总量低于500 mg/L,水质符合氧化铝厂工业用水要求.单位产水量能耗较低,小于1.75 kW·h/m3淡水,具有良好的经济效益. 相似文献