紫外光谱法测定苯酚与苯胺和对苯二酚

苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚在紫外区具有吸收。文章采用紫外光谱法,分别对苯酚、笨胺和对苯二酚不同浓度的溶液进行紫外扫描,结果表明苯酚、苯胺和对苯二酚的最大吸收波长分别为269.9 nm,280.30 nm,289.40 nm,对于同种物质不同浓度的溶液,其最大吸收波长相同;波长一定的情况下,物质的浓度越高,吸光度越大。然后通过加和性试验,分别对40 mg/L苯酚溶液、30 mg/L苯胺溶液、50 mg/L对苯二酚溶液进行紫外线扫描,将其相应波长的吸光度加和,再对单组分浓度相同的三组分混合溶液进行扫描,将实际加和与理论加和相比较,得出三组分的吸光度具有加和性。     

Comparison of Catalytic Degradation of Aniline by Immobilized Iron Oxide Catalysts

Abstract In this study, iron oxides immobilized onto silica and alumina granular carriers in a fluidized-bed reactor were applied as silica granule (SG) and alumina granule (AG) catalysts, respectively; the SG and AG catalysts were used to explore the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Effects of H2O2 concentration and temperature on the oxidation of aniline were determined to compare the reactive efficiencies of the SG and AG catalysts. Results showed that H2O2 decomposition could be efficiently catalyzed by the SG and AG catalysts. Degradation rates of aniline increased with increasing H2O2 concentration and temperature in both catalyst systems. The AG catalyst (smaller particle size) had more surface sites for precipitation of iron oxide than the SG catalyst (larger particle size). Consequently, in the initial stages of the reaction, hydroxyl radicals (?OH) were generated more rapidly with the AG catalyst than with the SG catalyst and the degradation of aniline by the AG catalyst was faster than that by ...     

荧光定量PCR检测生物强化SBR系统中苯胺降解菌的数量变化

生物强化SBR系统中苯胺降解菌Pseudomonas otitidis strain JY9在降解苯胺废水过程中发挥重要作用.本研究根据该菌株的邻苯二酚1,2双加氧酶(C12O)的基因序列,设计特异引物,扩增特异片段并克隆到PGM-T载体中,以此重组质粒为参照,系统活性污泥中提取的总DNA为模板,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法定量检测该菌在苯胺废水生物强化SBR系统中的丰度变化.同时应用高效液相色谱法检测系统中苯胺的残留.结果表明,苯胺初始浓度在200~500 mg·L-1范围内,苯胺降解率均达到96%以上.并且SBR反应系统活性污泥中每单位(mg)MLVSS的C12O基因拷贝数随苯胺浓度的升高而显著上升,最高拷贝数达到2.7×109个,表明该菌的数量随苯胺浓度的升高而显著上升.结果显示,在苯胺去除过程中Pseudomonas otitidis strain JY9的投加能够稳定活性污泥中的MLVSS,当含有高浓度苯胺废水系统运行稳定时,该降解菌逐渐成为活性污泥当中的优势菌.     

钠添加剂对NOxOUT工艺影响的研究

在苯胺废液流化床焚烧实验装置上进行了以尿素做还原剂的选择性非催化还原脱硝(NOxOUT)试验,研究了不同钠添加剂(Na2CO3、NaOH和NaCl)对脱硝率以及温度窗口的影响.结果显示:微量的钠添加剂即可明显促进脱硝反应,脱硝率随着钠添加剂用量的增加而升高,钠添加剂通过产生·OH活性基团从而促进脱硝反应,3种钠添加剂对脱硝效果促进作用大小依次为NaOH、Na2CO3、NaCl,在温度为900~950℃,氨氮比为1.5,空气过剩系数为1.0~1.2时,NOxOUT脱硝率达到最大值.利用热力学原理计算出NOxOUT脱硝反应的摩尔反应焓、摩尔反应吉布斯函数、化学平衡常数等热力学参数,结果表明NOxOUT脱硝是热力学可行的.     

有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解速度的研究

研究了４种特征有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解的动力学,通过大天然海水中分别加入有机物苯,硝基苯,苯胺和苯酚,实验测定了它们在０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ及１ｍｇ／Ｌ等几组不同浓度下的ＢＯＤ及其历时曲线,根据实验结果,经数据处理,得到同物的生物降解动力学参数Ｋ和Ｌ０,应用一级反应动力学表示的ＢＯＤ数学模式Ｙ＝Ｌ０（１－１０＾ｋｔ）较好表达了ＢＯＤ随时间的变化规律,计算结果与实测     

Visible light driven instantaneous photocatalytic degradation of aniline blue (AB) and methyl violet (MV) by strontium ferrite nanoparticles

Toxic organic dyes released into aquatic sources as a result of industrial activities pose a significant threat to the environment. The removal of such dyes from water sources is a challenging task in the context of environmental emergencies. In this present effort, the strontium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by a calcination method and is applied for photocatalytic degradation of such organic dyes. The ferrite nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, VSM, SEM-EDX, TEM, and HR-TEM studies. In the existence of H₂O₂ under visible light, the catalyst performs efficient degradation of aniline blue (AB) and methyl violet (MV) dyes in a remarkably short interval of time. The superparamagnetic performance of the catalyst was confirmed by VSM, and thus it can be easily recovered from the degraded dye by applying an external magnet. The Fenton mechanism justifies the elevated rate of photo degradation, which generates hydroxyl and perhydroxyl radicals in the progress of the reaction.     

废水中糠醛的比色测定

本文采用醋酸苯胺与糠醛作用缩合成红色化合物的特性,运用正交设计合理选择实验条件.取经水蒸汽蒸馏后的炼油废水样品,加入醮酸苯胺和稳定剂,在20℃的水浴中显示40分钟,于波长518nm处比色测定糠醛含量.测定上限3.0mg/L,最低检出浓度为0.3mg/L,加标回收率90—110％,变异系数<5％。     

多组分苯胺类混合物对发光菌的抑制毒性

以淡水发光菌——青海弧菌(Q67)为指示生物,96微孔板为实验反应载体,微板光度计为发光强度测试设备,测定了苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、对甲基苯胺、邻硝基苯胺、对硝基苯胺及其混合物对发光菌的发光抑制毒性,应用非线性最小二乘拟合技术与剂量加和(DA)及独立作用(IA)原理研究了混合物的毒性规律.1)分别测定每种化合物的剂量-效应数据并进行非线性拟合.结果表明,5种苯胺类化合物的剂量-效应曲线(DRC)均可用Logit与Weibull函数有效表征,从这些模型估算的半数效应浓度负对数值(-logEC50)分别为2.11、2.35、2.49、3.60和3.88(EC50单位:mol·L-1),可知其对发光菌的毒性大小顺序为:苯胺<邻甲基苯胺<对甲基苯胺<邻硝基苯胺<对硝基苯胺.2)根据组分EC50、EC10和EC1设计3个等效应浓度比混合物进行混合物毒性实验,并对混合物剂量-效应数据进行非线性拟合得到混合物DRC.结果表明,混合物DRC可用Box-Cox-Logit与Box-Cox-Weibull函数有效表征.3)根据单一化合物DRC模型,分别应用剂量加和(DA)与独立作用(IA)模型对混合物DRC进行预测.结果表明,无论考察混合浓度比例还是效应水平,剂量加和模型都能准确预测苯胺类混合物的毒性,而独立作用模型倾向于高估混合物毒性.