水解酸化-CASS工艺处理水产加工废水

采用水解酸化-CASS工艺处理水产加工废水,实践表明工艺合理、技术先进、设备投资小、运行费用低,污水处理后达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-96)中的一级排放标准.     

主题公园生命周期的演化

旅游地生命周期理论向我们描绘了旅游地在发展过程中有规律性的阶段变化,但对于任何一个旅游地来说,其发展演化都有着自己独特的特点.根据旅游地生命周期理论,并结合国际、国内主题公园的实际发展情况,对其演化情况作了具体分析研究,认为主题公园的发展存在双周期模型,并就该模型的各发展阶段提出了一定的发展策略.     

An accelerated laboratory study evaluating the disintegration rates of plastic films in simulated aquatic environments

Six plastic films were exposed to accelerated sunlight while in simulated aquatic environments to determine the effects of chemical composition and environment on the disintegration rates. An environment of UV light/no water was used as a control to determine if the microorganisms in the aquatic systems enhanced the breakdown of the plastic films. The disintegration rate of the plastics was determined by monitoring changes in selected physical properties. The plastics included two conventional plastics commonly used in packaging (LDPE and polystyrene) and four plastics enhanced to have more rapid breakdown in the environment (2% ECO, 10% ECO, PE with ketone graft, and PE with starch). The two ECO copolymers had a significantly faster loss of physical properties than the other plastics evaluated in this study. Degradation was influenced by environmental conditions. Those plastics that showed a change in physical properties had a greater change faster in the UV light/no water than in the environments where water was present. Plastics on the surface of the water showed a more rapid loss of properties than those samples partially or completely submerged. This can be attributed to decreased light intensity and the lack of heat buildup.     

ASSESSING POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ASBESTOS FIBERS IN WATER SUPPLIES OF S. E. QUEBEC1

ABSTRACT: A comparative study of the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water supplies of southeastern Quebec was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of fibers by asbestos-bearing railway ballast and naturally occurring asbestos deposits. Water samples were taken from areas where one or the other potential sources or neither potential source was present. In addition, rainwater samples were taken to assess the importance of atmospheric contributions. The sampling design accounted for potential variations in fiber counts due to the season, location and analytical procedures. Fiber concentrations were estimated from counts made on a JEOL 100CX scanning transmission electron microscope and statistically compared among areas. These levels were then compared with levels found in other areas of Canada and the United States. The results indicate that the rail ballast could be contributing statistically (albeit marginally) significant quantities of fibers to water supplies during the summer but not in the spring. Estimated concentrations in water supplies ranged between 1.7 × 10⁶fibers/liter and 147.8 × 10⁶fibers/liter. Fiber levels in samples taken during the spring were significantly higher and more variable than those taken during the summer. The presence of fibers in rainwater samples at concentrations of 1.9 × 10⁶fibers/liter, 18.3 × 10⁶fibers/liter and 23.7 × 10⁶fibers/liter suggests that atmospheric transport may play an important role in contributing fibers to regional systems. Fiber levels found in these systems are not unique when compared to levels observed elsewhere in North America.     

ASSESSMENT OF RESTORED RWERINE HABITAT USING RCHARC1

ABSTRACT: The Riverine Community Habitat Assessment and Restoration Concept (RCHARC) was developed to integrate habitat enhancement into the stream restoration process. RCHARC assumes that aquatic habitat quality is closely related to hydraulic diversity based upon a “comparison standard” reach approach to stream restoration. A Beta test was performed by applying the RCHARC process to Rapid Creek in Rapid City, South Dakota. Standard and restored stream reaches were selected and data were collected. A comparison of field data and velocity-depth distributions indicated that the restored stream closely replicated the standard reach. The RCHARC methodology has the potential to assess habitat quality for planned comparison reaches and indicate the level of success resulting from restoration.     

ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SEVERE SUSTAINED DROUGHT1

ABSTRACT: Evaluation criteria for reservoir and stream resources were developed to provide decision makers with feedback on environmental consequences of water allocation decisions under conditions of severe sustained drought within the Colorado River Basin by using the AZCOL gaming simulation model. Seven categories of flow dependent resources were identified which highlight resource states associated with reservoirs or river reaches within the AZCOL model. AZCOL directly simulates impact of water management decisions on five resource categories: threatened, endangered or sensitive fish; native nonlisted fish; wetland and riparian elements; national or state wildlife refuges; and hatcheries or other flow dependent facilities. Two additional categories - cold and warm water sport fish - are not modeled explicitly but are incorporated in the evaluation of monetary benefits from recreation on Colorado River waters. Each resource category was characterized at each time step in the simulation according to one of four environmental states: stable, threatened, endangered, or extirpated. Changes in resource states were modeled by time and flow-dependent decision criteria tied to either reservoir level or stream flows within the AZCOL model structure. Gaming results using the AZCOL model indicate environmental impacts would be substantial and that water allocation decisions directly impacted environmental resource states.     

某电容器加速贮存寿命试验设计研究

加速贮存寿命试验设计是设计一个最优的试验指导方案.一个好的试验方案可以提高模型参数估计精度和寿命外推的准确性,可以缩短试验时间、提高试验效率.本文在探讨该电容器的失效机理分析的基础上,在从应力加载方式、应力类型、水平、参试样品、截尾方式、测试、判据等多方面开展试验方案的设计.     

人的生命价值评估方法述评

评估生命价值最常用的两种方法是人力资本法和支付意愿法。用人力资本法评估生命价值的前提是人的生命可以用一个人未来的生产能力来计量,而用支付意愿法评估生命价值的前提是人的生命可以用一个人为降低死亡风险而愿意支付的货币金额来计量。支付意愿法又包括工资—风险法、消费市场法和条件价值法3种类型。工资—风险法通过分析一个人的工资与其工作风险之间的关系来估算生命价值;消费市场法关注的是人们在其进行消费决策时,在风险与价格之间的权衡;而条件价值法则是给定一个假定情景,请被访者对货币和风险进行直接权衡来估算生命价值。笔者对国内外生命价值评估研究进行述评,指出了各种评估方法的优缺点。支付意愿法已成为国外学者评估生命价值的主流方法,学习借鉴国外的研究经验,将这一方法运用于我国的生命价值评估研究是今后国内研究的一个方向。     

注册安全工程师与企业安全管理人员现状比较分析

截至2006年11月,我国有22856人获得注册安全工程师执业资格证书,17411人已注册成为注册安全工程师。详细分析我国现有注册安全工程师年龄、工作年限以及学历等基本情况;在辽宁、山东、上海等5省市随机抽取200家企业进行抽样调查,分析我国企业安全管理人员的基本情况,并将二者进行对比。结果表明:注册安全工程师执业资格制度利于选拔优秀的安全管理人才,优化企业安全管理人员队伍,提高安全管理人员素质。     

防毒面具试验用湿度表计算方法的改进研究

传统的湿度表计算方法费时费力,而且误差较大。本文采用VB6开发了湿度表计算软件包,大大提高了工作效率,实现计算、绘图、打印一次完成,彻底解决了防护时间试验中的一个难题。