基于流固耦合的充气滑梯安全稳定性研究

大型充气式滑梯的主要失效原因为风载作用下的倾覆。通过分析充气式滑梯在典型风载工况下的受力情况,应用ANSYS软件对充气式滑梯的几种锚固方案进行流固耦合仿真模拟。对仿真结果进行分析,得出该工况下的最佳锚固方案。提出一个校核锚固角度的公式,并计算出锚固绳与地面的角度须在30°~60°。依据分析结果,提出锚固点设置的具体措施,设施的整体高度超过3 m时,须在其主承风面高处位置增设辅助锚固点,以降低倾覆力矩和设施主体变形。     

废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭优化制备的研究

以污水处理厂二次污泥为主要原料,掺杂废旧Zn-C电池电极材料制备废旧Zn-C电池-活性污泥炭.同时,采用Plackett-Burman(P-B)和响应面中心复合实验设计(RSM-CCD)对影响污泥炭吸附性能的7个操作条件进行筛选和优化.P-B实验结果与统计学分析表明,掺杂比、炭化温度和炭化时间是影响吸附性能的3个关键因素.以碘吸附值为响应目标,对3个主要因素进行响应面法优化分析确定碘吸附模型,并得到最优操作条件为:掺杂比10%、炭化温度350℃和炭化时间20 min,此条件下制备的改性污泥炭的碘吸附值和比表面积分别达到530.1 mg·g~(-1)和429.5 m2·g~(-1);Zeta电位和阳离子交换容量分别为~(-1)5.50 m V、30.9×10-2mmol·g~(-1),更适合吸附重金属离子.     

聚合物辅助成型法制备纳米Co3O4/CeO2催化剂及其对CO低温氧化性能研究

采用聚合物辅助成型法,以乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为配位体制备了Co_3O_4/CeO_2催化剂,对其进行了氮气吸附、XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、H2-TPR和CO-TPR等表征,并考察了材料的CO低温催化性能.结果表明,采用聚合物辅助成型法能够合成出具有三维空间网络结构的纳米Co_3O_4/CeO_2催化剂,Ce的加入有利于获得具有更小尺寸的Co_3O_4颗粒,并提高Co3+的相对含量,从而有利于CO低温催化性能的提高;Ce/Co的摩尔比为1时,样品具有最佳的CO催化性能,在催化温度为30℃时,可使初始浓度为100 ppm的CO完全转化;同时,纯氧气加热吹扫有利于催化剂的稳定再生.本研究可为CO低温催化剂的制备提供重要参考.     

二氧化硫监测方法进展

介绍了环境中SO2监测的主要方法,比较了常用的溶液吸收法和被动采样法等。溶液吸收法用来测量1 h或者更短时间内环境中SO2的浓度水平,被动采样法更多地用来监测1周到1个月内环境中SO2的沉积率,在线监测技术的发展为烟气的测量和烟道的防腐蚀提供了更多的技术支撑。最后提出了今后SO2监测方法的发展趋势。     

火焰原子吸收光谱测定固定源废气中金属的消解液体系研究

环境标准中测定固定源废气中铅是用硝酸-过氧化氢溶液消解滤筒,而镍、镉是用硝酸-高氯酸溶液消解,在监测过程需要采集不同的滤筒,致使整个监测过程成本较大,耗时较多.本文集中研究了可以用于同时测定这三种金属元素的消解液体系.实验结果表明,氢氟酸-高氯酸-硝酸体系用来消解滤筒测定这三种元素具有很好的准确度和精密度,检出限分别为0.430 μg/m3(铅)、0.065 μg/m3(镉)、0.054 μg/m3(镍),各元素回收率在95.4％～105％之间,相对标准偏差均小于5％.     

微波桶内干燥模拟含硼废液可行性研究

目前核电站普遍采用的水泥固化处理废液增容大,为了实现废物最小化,开展了微波桶内干燥处理模拟含硼废液可行性研究.采用微波炉对模拟含硼废液干燥特性探索性试验研究,结果表明:桶内干燥产物含水率受模拟含硼废物的厚度影响,桶内干燥工艺需要合理控制模拟含硼废物添加量.12升微波桶内干燥试验预试验结果表明:不锈钢桶壁和桶底干燥产物含水率偏高,建议添加相应的保温或辅助加热措施.综合考虑,合理控制微波干燥条件,模拟含硼废液干燥产物的含水率可降至10wt％(不合游离水)以下,减容系数可达到5.试验表明,微波桶内干燥处理放射性废液是可行的.     

埕东油田采油污水回用配聚处理工程实践

采用生物氧化去除还原性物质和生物竞争抑制硫酸还原菌的集成技术处理油田采油污水用于配制聚合物溶液。运行结果表明:采用处理后的采出水配制聚合物溶液,黏度达20 mPa.s以上,且长时间保持稳定,能够满足现场生产需求。     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Copper biosorption on immobilized seaweed biomass： Column breakthrough characteristics

The biosorption of copper by the brown seaweed Sargassum baccularia,immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)gel beads, was investigated with fixed-bed experiments.Laboratory-scale column tests were performed to determine breakthrough curves with varying flow rates and feed concentrations.A theoretical fixed-bed model,known as the Bohart-Adams equation,was evaluated in simulating the experimental breakthrough curves.The Bohart-Adams model qualitatively predicted the breakthrough trends.PVA- immobilized seaweed biomass beads were amenable to efficient regeneration with aqueous solution containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA).The biosorbent retained most of its original uptake capacity over three cycles of use.The excellent reusability of the biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal remediation technology.