活性污泥数学模型中进水易降解有机物的测定

ASM系列模型 (ASMs)自推出以来在欧美得到广泛应用。要想利用ASMs对特定污水处理过程进行准确的模拟 ,首先必须得到该过程污水的水质特性参数。介绍了连续式OUR计量法、序批式OUR计量法和絮凝过滤物理化学法等 3种测定ASMs中进水易降解有机物的方法 ,通过分析比较指出了各自的优缺点及适用情况。     

流化床煤气炉炉内脱硫分析研究

硫在煤中以无机硫和有机硫的形式存在，在煤的气化过程中主要形成硫化氢，温度，气体环境和加热率都对煤所含硫的释放有影响。非催化气－固反应是清除热烟气中硫化氢的一种方法，常用脱硫有碱土金属合物，重金属氧化物，混合金属氧化物等。氧化锌及混合金属氧化物脱除硫化氢很有效但受温度限制钙其脱硫剂脱硫效率高，便宜，但有些涉及石灰石应用的总是值得注意。     

Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(γ-butyrolactone-co-l-lactide)

Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized by ring-opening copolymerization of -butyrolactone (BL) and its derivatives withl-lactide (LLA). Although tetraphenyl tin was the main catalyst used, other organometallic catalysts were used as well.¹H and¹³C NMR spectra showed that poly(BL-co-LLA)s were statistical and that their number-average molecular weights were as high as 7×10⁴. The maximum BL content obtained from copolymerization BL/LLA was around 17%. TheT _m andT _g values of the copolymers showed a gradual depression with an increase in BL content. NoT _m was obtained for the copolymers containing more than 13 mol% BL. The biodegradability of the copolyesters was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis and nonenzymatic hydrolysis tests. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 37°C for 24 h using lipases fromRhizopus arrhizus andR. delemar. Hydrolyses by both lipases showed that an increase in BL content of the copolymer resulted in enhanced biodegradability. Nonenzymatic accelerated hydrolysis of copolymers at 70°C was found to increase proportionally to their exposure time. The hydrolysis rate of these copolymers was considerably faster than that of PLLA. The higher hydrolyzability was recorded for the BL-rich copolymers. The copolymerization of -methyl--butyrolactone (MBL) or -ethyl--butyrolactone (EBL) with LLA resulted in relatively LA-rich copolymers.     

Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate)

The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic -butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.     

大气环境的光触媒净化技术

介绍了光触媒对大气环境净化的机理，着重讨论了TiO2光触媒的活性、固定以及对大气污染杨的处理过程、问题等，并对光触媒技术的未来作了展望，以期推动我国在光触媒技术方面的研究。     

对在沙漠地区应用化学固沙剂固沙的探讨

探讨了化学固沙的原理和效果。提出了开展化学-生物一体化固沙新观点。认为LD系列化学固沙剂、超高强吸水保水剂等固沙植被用新材料及低成本制备技术，将在沙漠地区的公路、铁路建设中具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的研究

本文报道了利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的方法，阐明了造纸黑液中所含有还原性物质与Ｃｒ＾６＋的反应机理；讨论了进行反应的最佳条件以及采用这一方法对废液的治理效果。     

Pressure- volume- temperature relationships of soy protein isolate/starch plastic

The use of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies in processing of a biodegradable plastic composition made from soy protein isolate and corn starch is described. The ability of PVT measurements to predict the combined effects of pressure, volume, and temperature effects is demonstrated. The results show that the PVT relations of the plastic can be predicted by using a regression analysis similar to the Tait equations of state. A change in slope of the PVT curves was observed at around 80‡C, which is ascribed to the glass-transition process of the plastic. Evidence of onset of thermal degradation of the plastic was observed at ca. 160‡C under 0 to 200 MPa isobaric pressure. This thermal degradation precluded determination of the crystal melting point of the plastic.     

用环己烷氧化副产物制备浮选剂

在固体酸催化剂作用下，用环己烷氧化制备环己酮的副产物——酸性油和轻质油进行酯化反应，制备了羧酸混合酯，酯化反应的最佳工艺条件：n（C4-C5醇）：n（有机羧酸）=1．2：1，催化剂质量分数为1．5％，反应温度为110-160℃，反应时间为5h。经应用评价结果表明，该羧酸混合酯是一种性能优异的选煤浮选剂。     

从废感光胶片中回收银

研究了以Fe3 -乙二胺四乙酸二钠-N a2S2O3体系为浸取剂从废感光胶片中回收银的方法,考察了浸出银的最佳工艺条件。实验表明,当浸取剂中FeC l3.6H2O质量浓度为35g/L、N a2S2O3.5H2O质量浓度为150g/L、pH为7、固液质量比为3∶10时,浸取剂可重复使用6次,胶片上银的浸出率可达99%以上;浸取液中的银采用硼氢化钠还原回收,粗银粉配以熔剂高温熔炼可得到纯度达99.78%的银,银回收率达96.88%,回收银后的浸取液可循环使用。