火电厂SO_2污染治理设施运行率的确定方法研究

从分析我国火电行业脱硫现状入手,指出如何确定火电企业脱硫设施的运行率已成为二氧化硫总量核查的重点,但尚有较大的难度。主要为二氧化硫核查提供一种简捷、合理的测算脱硫设施运行率的方法。     

行人过街设施节能减排效果评价研究及应用

随着环境质量的恶化与资源的耗竭,对城市规划中交通基础设施节能减排效果的评价愈显重要。文章提出了一套行人过街设施节能减排效果评价方法。该方法以能源的消耗量与污染物的排放量为评价指标,建立了行人过街设施节能减排效果评价模型。通过将微观仿真技术(PARAMICS)与机动车综合排放模型(CMEM)结合,构建了微观交通尾气模拟分析平台,获取了动态的污染物排放量与燃油消耗量,实现了节能减排效益的定量预评估。最后,以广州一处人行天桥修建为例进行节能减排效果评价,发现人行天桥的修建将会使天桥附近路段尾气排放综合降低82.6%、油耗降低80%,一年减少经济损失约90万元;将研究结果与天桥建成前后实测数据对比,所得结果趋势一致,这表明文章提出的方法是合理的、有效的。     

通风设施防护效果评价指标研究

当前我国职业病危害形势严峻,尘毒危害是职业病危害防治的重点,而通风设施是预防和控制尘毒危害的重要工程防护措施。阐述了通风设施在职业病危害预防与控制方面的作用,对我国企业现行的新风量、全面通风量、通风换气次数和职业接触限值等通风设施防护效果评价指标、国外普遍采用的控制风速防护效果评价指标以及目前有些机构使用的捕集效率评价指标进行了分析和讨论,对新风量、通风量和通风换气次数在职业病危害预评价和控制效果中的应用进行了研究,并得出了我国需建立健全通风设施防护效果评价指标和评估方法的结论。     

职业病危害预评价中某调漆间防护设施的分析与评价

建设项目职业病危害预评价以职业病危害因素的识别和分析为基础,重点对职业病防护设施设置的符合性和有效性进行分析和评价。以某调漆间职业病危害预评价为例,对调漆间可能存在的职业病危害因素进行了识别和分析,通过检查表法对职业病防护设施设置的符合性进行了分析和评价;在防护设施设置符合性分析与评价的基础上,逐一对职业接触限值、控制风速等职业病防护设施有效性评价指标进行了分析与评价,并提出了在调漆操作位应设置吹吸式通风装置或通风柜的建议。     

生物滞留池用于城市雨水径流控制研究现状和展望

生物滞留池是一种采用分散方法,从源头削减雨水和控制污染物迁移的高效LID措施。从水文效应、水质处理及模型建立三方面回顾了国外生物滞留池的研究现状,对生物滞留池用于国内城市雨水径流控制展望如下:在满足水量负荷下对溶解性N和颗粒悬浮物去除的研究;生物滞留池长期运行稳定性研究,包括填料的二次污染和自然再生等;生物滞留池水力模型和水质模型的研究必须与理论研究相结合,以减少试验周期和优化试验参数。     

降低城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设与运行费用的本土化方法研究

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电技术是比较完善的城市生活垃圾处理与资源综合利用方法 ,其推广应用的困难在于建设与运行费用较高。本文分析费用较高的原因 ,提出设备本土化是最好的降低费用方法 ,并分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设备本土化的基础、必要性、可行方案、成功实例以及现行政策及发展趋向 ,可供城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施建设、运行方案及相关政策决策人员参考     

Performance Assessment of Rain Gardens1

Abstract: The most widely used approach for evaluating the performance of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) such as rain gardens is monitoring, but this approach can involve a long time period to observe a sufficient number and variety of storm events, a high level of effort, and unavoidable uncertainty. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of three approaches for performance assessment of rain gardens: visual inspection, infiltration rate testing, and synthetic drawdown testing. Twelve rain gardens in Minnesota underwent visual inspection, with four determined to be nonfunctional based on one or more of the following criteria: (1) presence of ponded water, (2) presence of hydric soils, (3) presence of emergent (wetland) vegetation, and (4) failing vegetation. It is believed that these rain gardens failed due to a lack of maintenance. For the remaining eight rain gardens, an infiltrometer was used to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) of the soil surface at several locations throughout each basin in what is termed infiltration rate testing. The median K_sat values for the rain gardens ranged from 3 to 72 cm/h. Synthetic drawdown testing was performed on three rain gardens by filling the basins with water to capacity where possible and recording water level over time. The observed drain times for two of those rain gardens were in good agreement with predictions based on the median of the infiltrometer measurements. The observed drain time for the third rain garden was much greater than predicted due to the presence of a restrictive soil layer beneath the topsoil. The assessment approaches developed in this research should prove useful for determining whether the construction of the rain garden was performed properly, a rain garden is functioning properly, and for developing maintenance tasks and schedules.     

城市公共设施安全事故责任主体的辨析

城市公共设施的安全已经影响到社会的正常运转及人们生活的安定。我国大多数城市的公共设施建设与管理比较薄弱，安全事故层出不穷。为了减少事故的发生率，我们必须分析事故的本质原因以及找出事故责任单位，并采取有效的预防措施，将事故控制在萌芽状态。     

Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacteria and viruses in decentralized sewage treatment facilities

• Distribution of ARGs in decentralized sewage facilities were investigated. • Bacitracin-ARGs were most predominant ARGs in rural wastewater. • ARGs were identified in bacterial and viral community. • ARGs of rpoB, drfE, gyrA and parC were both correlated with bacteria and phages. • More attention should be paid to the risk of spreading ARG by phages. The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been intensively studied in large-scale wastewater treatment plants and livestock sources. However, small-scale decentralized sewage treatment facilities must also be explored due to their possible direct exposure to residents. In this study, six wastewater treatment facilities in developed rural areas in eastern China were investigated to understand their risks of spreading ARGs. Using metagenomics and network analysis tools, ARGs and bacterial and viral communities were identified in the influent (INF) and effluent (EFF) samples. The dominant ARGs belonged to the bacitracin class, which are different from most of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The dominant hosts of ARGs are Acidovorax in bacterial communities and Prymnesiovirus in viral communities. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between ARGs and phages. The ARGs significantly correlated with phages were all hosted by specific genera of bacteria, indicating that phages had contributed to the ARG’s proliferation in sewage treatment facilities. Paying significant concern on the possible enhanced risks caused by bacteria, viruses and their related ARGs in decentralized sewage treatment facilities is necessary.