滁州市震害预测项目中地图数据处理方法研究

本文以滁州市震害预测项目为例,介绍了将DWG格式数据转换成SHAPE格式数据的方法和整个数据处理流程。总结了在数据处理过程中摸索出的数据错误检查和修改方法。     

封闭湖泊蓝藻水华预警机制及应急控制方法

随着我国城市化进程的不断推进以及经济的快速发展,城市封闭湖泊水体污染日益严重,蓝藻水华现象频频发生。文章分析了该类水体水华的主要影响因素,并提出了预警机制。根据已开展的湖泊污染治理工程效果,针对性地提出了几种有效的封闭湖泊蓝藻水华应急控制方法。     

校准曲线的制作及有关问题的探讨

详细阐述了校准曲线的制作方法;校准曲线的空白试验、相关系数、截距、斜率、线性范围的要求和影响因素;标准曲线与工作曲线的区别;校准曲线应用中的注意事项;同时收集了21个常规分析项目的空白吸光度和标准曲线斜率的范围,用于分析中的质量控制,具有较好的参考价值。     

ASTAR IR-200红外三波数测油仪自校方法

针对ASTAR IR-200红外三波数测油仪,提出仪器的自校方法。     

工业废水的处理方法探讨

为实现水资源的循环利用与国民经济的可持续发展,必须对工业废水进行处理。在过去的几十年中,工业废水的任意排放给水资源环境和人民的身体健康带来了巨大的危害,为了杜绝这种现象的再次出现,本文对工业废水的处理方法做了如下的探讨。     

基于熵权的改进密切值法在水质综合评价的应用

将2003至2008年宁德市金涵水库水质监测值与地表水环境质量标准相结合,建立了环境样本矩阵,运用信息熵原理确定各指标的权重,并应用改进密切值法进行水质综合评价。结果表明：金涵水库从2003至2008年水质都是Ⅱ类以上,水质总体良好。该评价方法操作简便易行,结论切实可行,并可反映出各评价单元的优劣变化。     

海洋环境中光合色素分析方法研究与应用进展

根据国内外的文献,综述了海洋环境中光合色素分析方法的发展状况,指出了其分析方法在发展过程中创新的主要方面,并对光合色素分析在赤潮监测、藻类的化学分类及生物碳生物量和矿物质通量方面的应用进行了展望。     

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates： A review

In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.     

Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.     

Heavy metal availability and impact on activity of soil microorganisms along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient

All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C （Cmic）/organic C （Corg） ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient.