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51.
Pei Gu Ren Fang Shen Yi Ding Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(3):273-277
BACKGROUND: The Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and includes Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu province and eight cities in Zhejiang province. Meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. The water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. An example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in Tai Lake in late May 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. However, animal husbandry is considered to be one of the main pollution sources. METHODS: Pollutants (NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) excreted by livestock and poultry, and the resultant COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), were estimated using two different methods based on different data sets. RESULTS: The number of livestock and poultry has remained stable in the Yangtze Delta over the four years from 1999 to 2002, with the average number of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry being 21.1 M, 0.4 M, 7.7 M and 597.6 M, respectively. Pollutants in livestock and poultry excreta estimated by Method I were: 0.12 Mt NH3-N, 0.11 Mt TP and 0.29 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.34 Mt and 1.30 Mt, respectively, while the estimations based on Method II were: 0.18 Mt NH3-N, 0.15 Mt TP and 0.40 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.95 Mt and 1.80 Mt, respectively. DISCUSSION: Pollutants excreted annually by livestock and poultry in the Yangtze Delta are estimated to be: 0.17 Mt NH3-N, 0.16 Mt TP and 0.42 Mt TN, giving rise to a COD of 1.86 Mt and a BOD of 1.72 Mt. Approximately 25% of this pollution was estimated to enter water bodies, which means that the annual pollutant load is 43,700 t NH3-N, 39,400 tTP, 104,600t TN with a COD of 465,000 tand a BOD of 430,100 t. Pollutants from animal husbandry were similar in magnitude to those from industrial wastewater. Pigs produced the most pollution, followed by poultry, cattle and sheep. The pollution load from animal husbandry in the Yangtze Delta is about twice the average level of the whole of China. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic wastewater was the main pollution source in the Yangtze Delta, followed by pollution from raising livestock and poultry and from industrial wastewater. The pollution load in Shanghai and Jiaxing were the greatest, followed by 7 cities of Jiangsu province (except Suzhou) and other cities of Zhejiang province and Suzhou. Pigs and poultry produced about 90% of the total pollutants from animal husbandry. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The local governments, especially in Shanghai and Jiaxing, should focus their attention on the pollution produced by livestock and poulrry. Controlling pollution from pigs and poultry will have the greatest impact in this region. Control of pollution will be facilitated by the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming units and a shift away from small scale husbandry. 相似文献
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53.
现行财税体制下我国耕地资源数量变化的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
耕地资源数量变化受到人口、经济等诸多因素的影响,而财税体制是影响耕地资源数量变化的更深屡次原因。通过数量关系的初步观察和作用机理分析说明我国现行财税体制对耕地资源数量变化存在正反两方面作用,总体来看,对耕地资源保护不利。计量结果进一步证实了我国现行财税体制对耕地资源数量变化存在显著影响。揭示了其影响的方向和大小。根据研究结果,文章有针对性地提出了增加地方财政预算收入,合理分配土地出让金比例和科学使用土地出让金等相关政策建议。 相似文献
54.
55.
微生物絮凝剂PF-2的成分分析及絮凝机制研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
筛选得到的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)产生的絮凝剂——PF-2在处理高岭土悬浊液时,具有用量少、絮凝效果好等优点,对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达96.5%.呈色反应和紫外扫描的测定结果表明,PF-2大部分为胞外分泌的多糖,含有少量的核酸,提取后每升发酵液可制得絮凝剂粗品2.3 g;ζ电位测定及氢键和离子键检验结果表明,PF-2与高岭土颗粒之间的作用力为离子键;红外光谱扫描分析PF-2中含有O-H、C-H、C=C和C-O-C等多糖的特征吸收峰;利用扫描电镜观察絮体形态表明,絮体结构密实,其絮凝机制为PF-2和高岭土以离子键的形式结合,之后通过架桥作用絮凝沉淀. 相似文献
56.
Robins L 《Environmental management》2008,42(5):833-846
This paper aims to give practical meaning to ‘capacity building’ through (a) identifying a suite of practical measures, such
as mentoring or best practice guidelines, that have been shown to or are considered to build human, social, institutional,
and economic capital; (b) placing these measures within a broader systems framework; and (c) exploring stakeholder feedback
on specific measures to inform framework implementation. The 29 measures described provide actors, whether government or nongovernment,
with a suite of practical investment choices for building capacity. These measures are then clustered into eight groups according
to their primary purpose and placed within a systems framework. The framework provides a tool for actors with responsibilities
for or an interest in capacity building to inform more holistic and strategic targeting of effort and investment. Stakeholder
feedback gathered through surveys and workshops is subsequently reported to further inform implementation of specific measures
within the framework’s eight groupings. The framework presented may be built upon through the identification and inclusion
of further capacity building measures. The research is conducted within the context of decentralized governance arrangements
for natural resource management (NRM), with specific focus on Australia’s recently formalized 56 NRM regions and their community-based
governing boards as an informative arena of learning. Application of the framework is explored in the Australian setting through
the identification and comparison of measures supported and most preferred by four major stakeholder groups, namely board
members, regional NRM organization staff, policy/research interests, and Indigenous interests. The research also examines
stakeholder perceptions of capacity issues, and whether these issues are likely to be addressed through implementing their
preferred measures.
相似文献
Lisa RobinsEmail: |
57.
58.
生态土壤渗滤系统启动周期研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用室内模拟试验装置,考察了4种生态土壤渗滤系统在0.1 m3/(m2·d)的水力负荷条件下对生活污水中TP、COD和NH3-N的去除效果及启动周期; 同时对整个系统及同类生态工艺启动周期的判断方法做了探讨.研究结果表明,生态土壤渗滤系统对TP、COD和NH3-N的启动周期分别为15~27 d、24~40 d和24~26 d; 土壤渗滤系统对TP的启动周期最短,对COD的启动周期最长; 处理系统启动周期的判断原则是综合考察系统对主要污染物各自的启动周期,以最长的作为系统启动周期.4组试验中,1#和2#系统的启动周期为40 d; 3#和4#的为24 d. 相似文献
59.
GHS化学品危险性分类及其公示要素(上) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
概述了全球化学品统一分类和标签制度(GHS)的产生背景、推行GHS的重要意义,介绍了GHS关于化学品危险性分类和公示要素的主要内容,评估了我国现行化学品危险性分类与GHS分类的差异点,并对我国全面实施GHS提出了若干对策建议。 相似文献
60.