一株高效降解菲的植物内生细菌筛选及其生长特性

从长期受PAHs污染的植物看麦娘中分离出1株可高效降解菲的内生细菌Pn2,经生理生化特征分析和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定为Naxibacter sp.,研究了菌株Pn2的生长特性及其对菲的降解作用.结果表明,菌株Pn2能以菲为唯一碳源生长,并对菲有良好的降解性能.菲浓度为49.92mg/L时,30℃下150r/min振荡培养72h,菲降解率高达98.78%.接种量和污染强度显著影响Pn2对菲的降解:接种量越大,菲降解率越高;随污染强度升高,菲降解率先增大后减小,最适污染强度为150mg/L.菌株Pn2有较强的环境适应能力.温度为25~37℃、环境pH值为6.0~8.0、盐浓度1%~2%范围内,菌株Pn2生长状况良好.菌株Pn2为好氧生长,通气量越大,菌株生长越旺盛.菌株Pn2对低浓度的氨苄青霉素和氯霉素有抗性.     

蜂窝状SCR脱硝催化剂成型配方选择

通过对钒钛基蜂窝状SCR脱硝催化剂的制备工艺研究,探索了二氧化钛(TiO2)载体及成型剂配方对产品机械性能及脱硝活性的影响.分别选用工业级硫酸法锐钛型TiO2和进口商业纳米锐钛型TiO2为载体原料,所考察的主成型剂包括二氧化硅(SiO2),活性氧化铝(γ-Al2O3),以及SiO2和硼酸(H3BO3)的混合粉体.进一步对载体及所制备催化剂样品进行表征,机械强度及脱硝活性测试.结果表明,商业纳米级TiO2较工业级TiO2在杂质含量、粉体粒径、分散度等方面占有明显优势,但TiO2晶粒尺寸要高于后者,比表面积亦低于工业级样品.在SCR催化剂制备上,相对工业级TiO2而言商业纳米级TiO2制备样获得了较高的机械强度,但其在脱硝活性方面并不占有优势.而对主成型剂配方的探索显示,以SiO2与H3BO3按一定比例混合得到的成型剂配方不但能够显著提高蜂窝状催化剂的机械性能,另一方面也能够维持其较高的脱硝活性,因此该配方作为钒钛基SCR催化剂的成型剂是合理可行的.     

煤矿区废水中溶解性有机质与铜的结合特性

为研究煤矿区废水排放对环境中重金属化学行为的影响,通过荧光滴定实验,利用铜离子选择电极法和荧光猝灭法定量化研究了矿井水和生活污水中溶解性有机质对铜的结合行为.结果表明,铜离子选择性电极法能精确地定量化这2类废水中有机质对铜的结合容量,其中矿井水中有机质对铜具有较大的结合容量,可以达到163.9mg/g,而生活污水中有机质对铜的结合容量相对较小,只有72.6mg/g.荧光猝灭法结果表征了这2类废水中各个组分对铜的结合特性,其中矿井水中的富里酸(A峰)对铜具有较强的结合容量,而生活污水中的类蛋白组分对铜的结合能力相对较弱.2类废水与铜结合前后的红外光谱变化结果表明矿井水中腐殖酸物质与铜的结合是一种化学反应,其中的酚羟基和羧基等官能团参与了反应,但生活污水中类蛋白物质的官能团与铜并没有发生化学结合反应.     

选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂钛钨粉原始粉体的对比

采用XRF、XRD、低温N2吸附曲线、SEM和FT-IR考察了国产和进口钛钨(WO3/TiO2)粉的组成及其微观结构.结果表明,国产和进口钛钨粉中Ti和W的含量相差不大,但是国产钛钨粉都含有少量P,而国外钛钨粉O和S含量较大.国产和进口钛钨粉中TiO2都为锐钛矿型晶型;其表面官能团基本相同;钛钨粉颗粒形貌类似,都为多孔物质,其比表面积相差不大,但是进口样品的孔容高于国产样品.     

Methylobacterium sp. YAL-2对乙酰甲胺磷的降解特性

从有机磷生产厂家的下水道污泥中分离出一株对高浓度和低浓度乙酰甲胺磷都具有高效降解能力的寡营养菌YAL-2,根据形态、生理生化和16S rRNA基因系统发育分析,将菌株YAL-2鉴定为Methylobacterium sp.降解特性实验表明,菌株YAL-2能利用乙酰甲胺磷为唯一碳源生长和降解;在添加了甲醇的无机盐培养基中,84 h可完全降解300mg L-1乙酰甲胺磷,24 h将50 mg L-1和10 mg L-1乙酰甲胺磷降至非检测水平;4 d能完全去除100 mg L-1甲胺磷,5 d分别降解58.4%和40.6%的100 mg L-1乐果、敌敌畏.小青菜农药残留去除实验显示,菌株YAL-2可在7 d内将乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷将至限量水平.结果表明,将菌株YAL-2应用于保证果蔬等食品的食用安全是可行的.     

镁铝水滑石制备复合金属氧化物及其催化处理废弃聚酯材料

采用共沉淀法合成了镁铝水滑石并将其在不同温度下煅烧得到复合金属氧化物。将两者作为催化剂用于醇解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)反应中。实验结果表明:复合金属氧化物的催化活性明显高于其前体,最佳煅烧温度为500℃;在催化剂与PET质量比为1.0%、醇解反应时间为50 min时,产物对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BHET)的产率可达到81%。镁铝水滑石煅烧后得到的复合金属氧化物是一种高效、环境友好型醇解PET催化剂,可以替代目前常用的均相催化剂。     

V2O5/ACF催化剂用于烟气低温脱硝的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备V_2O_5/ACF,CuO/ACF和Fe_2O_3/ACF催化剂,在H_2O和SO_2存在下,三种催化剂选择性催化还原(SCR)NO_x的活性依次为V_2O_5/ACF>CuO/ACF>Fe_2O_3/ACF.对V_2O_5/ACF催化剂中V_2O_5担载量、反应温度和反应空速对脱硝活性的研究表明,当H_2O和SO_2存在时,V_2O_5的最佳负载量为0.5wt%,在反应温度为180℃,空速为2000 h~(-1)时,NO转化率可达84%,表明该催化剂具有良好的抗H_2O和SO_2毒化的能力.     

城市生活垃圾催化气化制取富氢气体的研究

采用下吸式固定床气化炉,以煅烧白云石为催化剂水蒸气气化城市生活垃圾(MSW)有机组分,在气化温度为750~950℃,S/M(水蒸气和垃圾物料进料质量比)为0.57~1.28时,探讨了催化剂种类、气化温度和S/M等因素对富氢气体成分、产氢率、潜在产氢率、低位热值和碳转化率等的影响。较高气化温度有利于富氢气体的生成,增加碳转化率和产气率,但会降低富氢气体的热值;在实验条件下,富氢气体中H2体积分数最高达53.29%,产氢率达到7.13~46.52mol/kg,潜在产氢率为55.48~90.11mol/kg;镍基催化剂催化效果优于煅烧白云石,能大幅增加H2含量,使焦油在850℃以上完全分解。     

A multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks

Urban ecological risk characterization is the final step in risk assessment and an important foundation upon which risk managers build risk aversion, risk control, and emergency handling strategies. In this study, we reviewed present risk characterization methods and proposed a multi-level characterization method for the assessment of urban ecological risks. The new characterization method consists of four elements: urban ecological risk sources, risk source probabilities, assessment endpoint indicators, and assessment endpoint indicator probabilities. Using this method, results of risk assessments can be organized into different levels of detail to meet different risk management goals.     

Fe2O3-CeO2-Bi2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild reaction conditions

Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, an environmental friendly material, was investigated. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance in the CWAO of cationic red GTL. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. HO₂· and O₂·⁻ appeared as the main reactive species in the reaction. The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, a novel environmental-friendly material, was used to investigate the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild operating conditions in a batch reactor. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation, and characterized by special surface area (BET measurement), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity and stability in the CWAO under atmosphere pressure. The effect of the reaction conditions (catalyst loading, degradation temperature, solution concentration and initial solution pH value) was studied. The result showed that the decolorization efficiency of cationic red GTL was improved with increasing the initial solution pH value and the degradation temperature. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. Hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂·) and superoxide radicals (O₂⁻·) appeared as the main reactive species upon the CWAO of cationic red GTL.