聚氯乙烯生产中副产高沸物的综合利用

介绍了以ＰＶＣ生产中副产的高沸物精制后作溶剂,降解后的废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的作主料,制造塑化防腐漆的工艺流程,产品性能及经济效益。     

Converting waste polystyrene into a polymer flocculant for wastewater treatment

We have succeeded in converting waste polystyrene from electrical appliances into a polymer flocculant for treating some kinds of wastewater after chemical modification. Waste polystyrene, such as polystyrene foam and additive-containing TV cabinets, was converted into a water-soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfate (PSS), and PSS of various degrees of aqueous viscosity was obtained by introducing sulfone bridges during sulfonation. We examined the relationship between the degree of flocculation of wastewater and the aqueous viscosity of the PSS, and found that PSS with medium viscosity is most suitable for flocculating inorganic wastewater from a factory, and PSS with high viscosity is most suitable for dewatering organic domestic wastewater. We report how PSS containing sulfone bridges works as a polymer flocculant for treating wastewater. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000     

发展阻燃型HIPS纳米复合材料的研究

本文运用一步熔融共混法制备了含有十溴联苯醚（DBDPO）或十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）和C16改性蒙脱土（MMT）的高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）复合材料,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、UL 94垂直燃烧和锥型量热等试验手段对其燃烧性能和相态进行了表征.结果标明,DBDPO/E存在时仍可获得具有插层结构的HIPS纳米复合材料.由于十溴和蒙脱土两种体系间的良好协同效应,这些材料的阻燃性提高、燃烧后的热释放速率下降.文中对其潜在机理进行了探讨.这种协同效应可用于指导发展环保性和阻燃性兼顾的HIPS纳米复合材料.     

新型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

用氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯树脂(PS-Acyl-Cl)代替传统的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂(PS-CH2-Cl),通过其与二乙胺(DEA)的胺化反应得到一种新型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂(PS-Acyl-DEA)。研究了该树脂对C(rⅥ)的静态吸附性能,以期处理含铬废水及铬的富集回收提供理论和实验依据。结果表明,该树脂对C(rⅥ)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加;吸附过程在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,且最大吸附量达263mg/g,大于文献报道。动力学和热力学研究表明,吸附过程为液膜扩散控制,自发且放热过程。     

天然橡胶改性废弃塑料制备不干胶的研究

利用废弃聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为主要基料、掺入少量天然橡胶改性,通过对溶剂、增塑剂、乳化剂及增稠剂的筛选,研制出了一种低成本的不干胶,对该不干胶的配方进行优化选择,对其性能指标进行了测试,测试结果表明该不干胶的粘附力大,耐水性能好,能反复粘贴,能耐酸、耐碱、耐冻,同时原料易得。     

Thiolsulfonate functionalized polystyrene resin： Preparation and application in the isolation and identification of electrophilic mutagens

A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.     

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水泥助磨剂的研究

以废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料为原料合成了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,研究了其助磨性能及对水泥性能的影响。研究结果表明:聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(SPS)对水泥具有较好的助磨性能,显著降低80μm及45μm筛余量,有效改善颗粒分布;SPS可显著改善水泥各龄期强度,掺入0.04%的SPS试样的3 d、28 d抗压强度较空白样分别增加了19%和8%,优于三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺;其对水泥净浆流动性的影响也更小。     

可发性聚苯乙烯仓库火灾的数值模拟研究

针对某可发性聚苯乙烯仓库防火分区超过规范的问题,采用计算机模拟软件FDS对该仓库进行了火灾数值模拟研究。结果表明:通过控制存放货物的量以及排风机的通风量可以实现控制火灾蔓延的作用。     

不同水力扰动强度对老化PSMPs在泥水两相间迁移的影响

以太湖为研究对象,针对老化聚苯乙烯微塑料（PSMPs）,探讨了水力扰动强度对PSMPs在泥水两相间的迁移过程,并通过FTIR和SEM-EDS等微观表征手段对PSMPs的形貌和元素等进行表征.结果发现,扰动条件下(55r·min^-1和120r·min^-1),上覆水中悬浮物（SS）和PSMPs均高于对照实验.这是缘于无扰动条件下,PSMPs受浮力影响,团聚在水面.在低强度(55r·min^-1)扰动下,上覆水中SS和PSMPs分别为（264.67±16.01）mg·L^-1和（239.67±6.51）n·mL^-1,而高强度(120r·min^-1)扰动下,上覆水中SS和PSMPs分别为（264.67±16.01）mg·L^-1和（239.67±6.51）n·mL^-1.在底泥中,PSMPs分别为（491.00±23.46）mg·L^-1和2.00n·mL^-1.且根据SEM-EDS分析,...     

胺基树脂吸附去除水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚

使用氯球作为前驱体与二乙烯三胺在回流条件下反应合成一种胺基树脂,对胺基树脂的特征进行了表征,并研究了胺基树脂对水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP₁₀EO)的吸附行为.树脂的红外、元素分析及比表面积与平均孔径分析结果表明,胺基官能团成功地嫁接到树脂表面,胺基浓度为5.6 mmol/g,且胺基树脂的比表面积较氯球有较大增加.胺基树脂对NP₁₀EO的吸附等温线表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,在35 ℃下胺基树脂对NP₁₀EO的最高平衡吸附量达58.36 mg/g.采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程用于吸附等温线的解释,结果表明,吸附等温线更加符合Langmuir模型,相关系数(R2)均大于0.98. NP₁₀EO在胺基树脂上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,初始ρ(NP_10EO)越低达到吸附平衡所需时间越短,初始ρ(NP_10EO)为9.41 mg/L的溶液能在2 h内达到吸附平衡.