挤塑型聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料着火温度实验研究

研究了挤塑型聚苯乙烯(XPS)保温材料两种不同着火方式下的着火温度。采用南京江宁仪器分析厂生产的DW-02型点着温度测定仪对XPS的着火温度进行了测定。利用辐射引燃仪得到了2.2 cm厚挤塑型保温板在不同加热功率下的着火温度。结果表明:DW-02型点着温度测定仪测得的挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温材料的点燃温度约为355℃;热辐射引燃仪测得的2.2 cm厚保温板在不同加热功率下的着火温度是365-370℃,且引燃时间随着辐射引燃仪加热功率的增大而逐渐缩短;明火火源比热流辐射容易引燃挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温板。研究结论对FDS模拟挤塑型聚苯乙烯燃烧特性时,材料热解参数的设定有指引作用,对实际工程中遴选合适的外墙保温材料具有重要的参考价值。     

废聚苯乙烯硝化氧化制对硝基苯甲酸

研究了用聚苯乙烯废料为原料,经过硝化氧化制造具有高附加值的精细化工产品－对硝基苯甲酸。探讨了影响对硝基苯甲酸产率的因素,如硝酸的浓度和用量,压力,反应时间及催化剂用量等。结果表明,在优化条件下对硝基苯甲酸产率达５２％,产品纯度为９９％。     

聚苯乙烯树脂溶剂型可剥防锈塑料的研制

本实验通过对比实验方法,研制了一种具有优良耐腐蚀性能与机械性能的聚苯乙烯树脂溶剂型可剥防锈塑料,该产品采用废弃泡沫为主要成膜物质,即解决了白色垃圾问题,实现了废物利用,又解决了钢铁件的防锈问题。对该产品进行性能测试,所得到的产品膜层光亮、韧性好,易于涂施、流平性好。     

实验室光源暴露试验与户外环境试验相关性研究

采用氙灯、紫外灯和金属卤素灯3种光源对聚苯乙烯进行实验室光源暴露试验,研究了与敦煌环境试验站户外自然暴露试验的相关性。采用秩相关系数法和灰色关联分析法进行相关性的定量分析,用加速转换因子（ASF）法进行加速性评价,用t检验法进行重现性评价,以聚苯乙烯塑料缺口冲击强度为判据,结果表明,金属卤素灯暴露试验对敦煌环境试验站户外自然暴露试验的模拟性最好。金属卤素灯暴露试验对聚苯乙烯在敦煌环境试验站户外自然暴露试验的加速转换,随着试验时间的延长,加速倍率变小。     

HIPS阻燃复合材料三元潜在火灾危险性评价

将高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒(纳米/微米级)、十溴二苯乙烷颗粒、三氧化二锑、弹性体、分散剂和偶联剂通过一步熔融共混工艺先行制备UL94 V-0级阻燃母粒,再将其与HIPS本体树脂按不同比例混合制得阻燃复合材料,并利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)及ISO 5660锥形量热计三项测试表征制得样品的燃烧和火灾性能,从中提炼和分析LOI、垂直燃烧等级和最大热释放速率(Pk HRR)等三元关键指标相关性,给出了定性定量相结合的潜在火灾危险性分级范围。结果表明:UL94燃烧等级和Pk HRR相关性体现为当Pk HRR≤330.0 k W/m~2时,试样UL94等级均为V-0级;UL94燃烧等级和LOI相关性体现为随UL94燃烧等级从V-0降到HB时,试样LOI从27.0降到17.0;Pk HRR与LOI相关性体现为Pk HRR与LOI呈粗略反向线性相关性;UL94燃烧等级、Pk HRR和LOI三元相关性体现为当LOI22.0、Pk HRR为399.0~665.0 k W/m~2时,材料UL94燃烧等级介于HB~V-2。     

废聚苯乙烯塑料热降解回收苯乙烯单体的研究

为了废弃物资源化利用,建立了废聚苯乙烯热降解的实验室装置,探讨了影响聚苯乙烯热降解的因素,如温度,压力,催化剂用量等,在优化条件下获得９７．６％的分解油,其中苯乙烯单体含量达５５．５％,对聚苯乙烯热降解的机理进行了初步探讨,并预测了在工业化放大情况下该工艺的经济效益。     

悬浮滤料在上向流反硝化滤池中试装置中的应用

以聚苯乙烯泡沫滤珠作为上向流反硝化滤池的滤料,在中试装置中考察了此种悬浮滤料的脱氮效果及其过滤功能.试验结果表明:在进水流量为13.5 m3/h的情况下,随着碳氮质量比(碳氮比)的升高,NO3--N去除率逐渐提高,出水COD也逐渐提高,适宜的碳氮比为5,此条件下出水COD小于50 mg/L;水力停留时间(HRT)越长,...     

Photocatalytic activity of ZnO films with micro-grid structure

A layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-grid was deposited on the surface of ZnO film using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and the micro-sphere lithography technique on glass substrates. Samples of this layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the high crystallinity of ZnO film and the regular arrangement of the micro-grid. The microgrid ZnO has a lower specular reflection and a higher diffuse reflection, allowing incident light to reflect two or three times to enhance the usage of light. Photocatalytic degradation experiments on methylene blue using both ZnO micro-grid and ordinary film showed that the ZnO micro-grid has better photo-catalytic properties than ordinary film. The ZnO micro-grid enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO film by 28% with a degradation time of 300 min.     

液相催化氧化降解聚苯乙烯

实验研究了Co-Mn-Br三元催化体系液相空气氧化降解废旧聚苯乙烯(PS)的过程,采用GC-MS分析,得出了各主要降解小分子产物的结构,并结合一般烃类的液相催化氧化机理和实验结果对聚苯乙烯液相催化氧化降解机理进行了深入探讨.研究表明,采用液相催化氧化法降解聚苯乙烯的主要降解产物是苯甲酸,其收率随反应温度升高、助溶剂苯的添加和反应时间延长而增大.通过降解条件的调整和优化可使苯甲酸的收率提高到80%左右.     

Waste high impact polystyrene (HIPS) microfiltration membranes for water treatment: A thorough experimental study

In our previous work, the prepared high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) membranes, synthesized using four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of waste HIPS, were proved to be promising for water purification by microfiltration process (MF). However, the fabricated membranes' mechanical properties and microfiltration process parameters were not investigated. Consequently, in this study, various parameters affecting the previously fabricated membranes' performance in the filtration process, such as membrane mechanical properties, feeding pressure, fouling behavior, and polymer concentration, were thoroughly investigated. With increasing polystyrene concentrations, the ultimate tensile strength of the fabricated membranes increased. When the concentration was increased from 20 to 25 wt percent, the elongation at break rose, but as the concentration was increased further, the membrane became brittle. Permeate flux and rejection both declined as polymer content was raised. Accordingly, the highest flux and humic acid (HA) rejection were shown by 20 wt% (14.18 L/m²h (LMH) and 98.95%, respectively). The antifouling properties declined when the polymer concentration was raised, and 20 wt% had the lowest total fouling resistance. Furthermore, the permeate flux was reduced while increasing the HA initial concentration.