Service quality evaluation in the context of a technology laboratory

The intent of this research is to investigate how the customers of a technological control laboratory for civil construction materials perceived the quality of the services delivered by the lab, specifically in regard to the service of concrete compression testing. The popular SERVQUAL scale, a multidimensional instrument used to capture customer expectations and perceptions, was used as a model for the application of a survey. Exploratory factor analyses were employed to evaluate customers’ perceptions and experiences of service quality in regard to the dimensions and accompanying attributes of the SERVQUAL scale. Twenty attributes, which were grouped within five dimensions (Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Responsiveness, and Empathy), were identified, explaining 80.417% of the variance between customer expectations and perceptions and characterizing these dimensions on a modified SERVQUAL scale. Analysis of the results allowed us to identify discrepancies in perceived service quality compared with customers’ expectations. Most of the identified gaps between expectations and perceptions resulted in negative values.     

民用建筑生命周期固体废弃物排放的资源环境压力

降低民用建筑生命周期固体废弃物排放带来的资源环境压力,促进经济发展逐步走上资源减量化和环境减压化的轨道,是全社会面临的共同问题。本文借用生态足迹方法和能值分析方法,构建了民用建筑生命周期各阶段固体废弃物排放的资源环境压力计算模型,并以沈阳市图书馆为例,进行了实证研究。结果表明:废弃水泥排放引起的资源环境压力分别占施工阶段生态足迹的48.56%,占使用与维护阶段生态足迹的82.78%,占拆除及废弃建材处置阶段生态足迹的56.73%;而废弃商品混凝土排放造成的资源环境压力在施工阶段生态足迹和拆除及废弃建材处置阶段生态足迹中的比例分别为31.90%和37.26%;就生命周期各阶段而言,拆除及废弃建材处置阶段固体废弃物排放的资源占用足迹最大,占总足迹的92.91%,使用与维护阶段资源占用足迹最小,占总足迹的1.06%。因此,民用建筑在生命周期各阶段削减固体废弃物排放量的重点是减少水泥和商品混凝土的用量,多开发可替代混凝土结构的钢结构或组合结构形式的民用建筑。     

民用低阶烟煤的半焦化洁净利用

为了降低民用劣质煤散烧造成的大气污染,采用低阶烟煤热解半焦为原料,再黏结制成半焦质民用洁净型煤。型煤性质检测结果显示:型煤收到基热值达到26.8 MJ/kg,干基全硫含量≤0.22%。半焦质民用洁净型煤在普通炉具和节能炉具测试结果显示,SO_2、NO_x和烟尘排放分别达到和接近重点地区的新建燃气锅炉排放标准。与普通烟煤在节能炉具中对比测试结果表明,烟尘浓度降低了88.14%,排放量减少86.21%;SO_2浓度降低了70.91%,排放量减少70.83%;NO_x浓度降低了83.08%,排放量减少86.08%。与其他无烟煤型煤在相同条件下的测试对比结果表明:半焦质民用洁净型煤的烟尘排放浓度与其他无烟煤相当,排放烟气成分中SO_2和NO_x的浓度远低于其他无烟煤型煤的排放浓度。     

Application of a value-based equivalency method to assess environmental damage compensation under the European Environmental Liability Directive

The Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) establishes a framework of liability based on the ‘polluter-pays’ principle to prevent and remedy environmental damage. The ELD requires the testing of appropriate equivalency methods to assess the scale of compensatory measures needed to offset damage. The aim of this paper is to contribute to fill the existing knowledge gap on the application of the value equivalency approach for damage compensation in this context. We analyze the toxic spill damaging the Doñana National Park (Spain) in 1998. The welfare losses associated with the resource damage are estimated using non-market valuation and compared to the value of the compensatory measures taken after the accident. Our results show that the in-kind compensation may have been insufficient to offset the welfare losses. We conclude that a more comprehensive knowledge of the human welfare effects caused by environmental damage is of substantial importance to determine compensatory remediation, as insufficient information in this respect can lead to erroneous decisions causing loss to society.     

Mobilisation and protest: environmental justice in Durban,South Africa

This paper examines the ability of civil society actors to champion environmental justice in an industrial risk society in South Africa by way of mobilisation and protest action. This paper presents viewpoints from key stakeholders at the Durban city level and three local case study sites to examine social capital relations to achieve environmental justice. It explores how civil society engages in social capital for mobilisation with itself and subsequent protest actions to engage with government and industry. The paper highlights that social actor response to engage in social capital for mobilisation and protests is best understood in relation to the socio-economic and political positioning of individuals or organisations.     

沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进工作的探索与实践

在全面介绍沈阳市环境污染责任保险推进情况的基础上,论述了沈阳市参加保险企业的确定原则、推进方法及配套政策措施,并结合当前沈阳市该险种推进过程中存在的问题,提出了选择适合的环境污染责任保险模式、加强环保部门与保险行业的合作、将环境污染责任险融入到环境管理工作中等建议及对策。     

我国煤矿安全生产领域构建保险体系的探讨

我国煤矿事故多发且后果严重,其安全生产形势严峻,而煤矿安全生产领域的工伤保险体制却存在着一些问题和不足。本文将我国煤矿现有的工伤保险与强制雇主责任保险相结合,提出了构建二元化的保险体系,即针对现有的工伤保险,结合煤矿安全生产的特点,建立主成分分析和聚类分析划分风险等级的模型,用来确定工伤保险费率,强调费率对企业安全状况的反馈,并充分利用工伤保险基金从技术上改进煤矿安全生产状况,同时引入强制雇主责任保险以便有效地转嫁矿难所带来的巨大风险。通过构建新的保险体系用来改善我国目前严峻的煤矿安全生产状况。     

完善我国环境污染纠纷救济机制的法的思考

通过剖析我国现行环境污染救济制度的缺陷,文章注重从行政、刑事和民事等全方位救济手段入手,探讨完善我国环境污染纠纷救济制度的有效途径,以对我国相关立法尽绵薄之力。     

试论汶川抗震救灾新特点

汶川大地震是建国以来震级最强、破坏性和救灾难度最大的一次自然灾害.面对如此巨灾大难,中国在救灾观念、政策、方式等方面进行创新,使汶川抗震救灾呈现出新特点:在救灾理念上突出以人为本;救灾信息公开透明;救灾方针强调开放性;救灾呈现国际性;救灾捐赠广泛性和多样性;注重心理救助;志愿者的广泛参与.汶川抗震救灾所形成的"政府主导,社会参与"的救灾机制对于中国救灾机制的创新和公民社会的发展都具有积极意义.     

杀虫剂类POPs废物及污染场地治理共同责任研究

杀虫剂类POPs废物的环境无害化处置及其污染场地的治理是我国履行POPs公约的国家行动计划(NIP)的重要内容。我国POPs废物产生的责任主体主要是历史上的企业,企业经过了很大的变革,因而产生的POPs废物及其污染场地不同于现有工业企业产生的危险废物,需要根据历史、现状以及未来发展的特点建立新的责任制度,确立治理责任,落实治理资金。从我国杀虫剂类POPs废物和污染场地的现状调研出发,分析国内外相关法律规定中责任分担制度及原则,提出建立我国杀虫剂类POPs废物及其污染场地治理的"共同责任制度",为POPs废物的环境管理提供理论支持。