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991.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):365-379
Abstract In this work, low temperature geothermal district heating systems with heat pumps have been studied and compared with fuel-oil boiler heating systems for intermittent and continuous regimes according to the optimum indoor air temperature and operational cost. Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) Campus is taken as a case study. Various heat pump and boiler configurations are studied to meet required duty. Operational cost analysis for each alternative is conducted. According to the results, for IZTECH Campus the best alternative, which gives the optimum indoor air temperature and the lowest operational cost, is heat pump continuous regime. 相似文献
992.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):279-300
Abstract Design and prototyping of a standalone photovoltaic power generation system using the Virtual Test Bed software environment is presented. The design includes establishing physics-based models for components, prototyping system architectures, implementing control algorithms, testing and evaluating the system performance using the actual weather data at a particular geographical location. The dynamic performance of the photovoltaic power system and its components are revealed in great details through the system level simulation. This knowledge is used for verification and improvements of the system design in order to achieve the best system power capability, efficiency and size. 相似文献
993.
Nelli Haar 《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(3):271-281
Renewable energy can address rising demand for energy, environmental protection, energy security, and job creation. This paper assesses resource, economic, social, and political drivers for the adoption of renewable energy. Analysis of the data collected from over 100 interviews with utility managers reveals that production tax credits significantly influence the percent of renewable energy in a utility's portfolio. The availability of renewable energy resources, economic drivers, social influences, and political drivers such as renewable portfolio standards and government grants are not significant drivers. Understanding these drivers can help electric utilities, governments, and other stakeholders with their efforts to reap the benefits of renewable energy. 相似文献
994.
995.
我国能源节约战略研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
节约能源,保护环境,是全面建设小康社会、实现可持续发展的必不可少的前提条件。中国万美元GDP能耗水平是发达国家的3至11倍。节能潜力很大。其中工业部门是我国的能源消费大户。其能源消费占全国能源消费总量的比重一直保持在70%左右,其节能潜力也居第一位。2020年中国实现全面建设小康社会的目标.人均GDP是3000美元,按届时人口15亿计算,全国GDP为49500亿美元,所需要的能源总量是33亿t标准煤,万美元GDP的能耗是6.67吨标煤;人均能耗是2.13吨标煤。只要政策选择适当。我国完全可以以当初发达国家一半的能源供应实现其相应的人均经济发展目标。为此,我们需要继续建立和完善适应市场经济要求的推动能源节约与资源综合利用的新机制;加快制定与《节约能源法》配套法规,引导和规范用能行为;加快建立以企业为主体的技术创新体系。 相似文献
996.
论中国可再生能源发展机制 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
中国可再生能源存在着成本高和市场狭小两大问题,要根本解决这两大问题必须制定新政策,形成新机制。中国的可再生能源政策的多目标性决定了新出台政策应该是一个政策体系,具体应包括目标机制、定价机制、交易机制、选择机制和补偿机制五种运行机制。 相似文献
998.
Jeffrey I. Steinfeld 《Sustainability Science》2006,1(1):123-126
Global energy demand is expected to increase from the current 400 ExaJ per year to as much as 700–1,000 ExaJ per year by the middle of this century. If fossil carbon resources continue to make up the bulk of the energy supply, not only will atmospheric carbon dioxide increase to levels not seen for the past 30–35 million years, but depleting fossil carbon resources will become increasingly less available for other purposes, particularly the production of chemicals on which society now depends. The chemical process industries are heavily dependent on the availability of low-price petroleum as a feedstock. Recent life-cycle analyses suggest that pursuing both strategies of renewable energy sources and renewable feedstocks (i.e. biomass) will be required to meet these competing demands. Reducing the global use of both energy and manufactured chemicals will be a challenge for sustainable development. Education of the next generation of chemists and chemical engineers will have to change significantly from its current emphasis on petrochemical-based manufacturing to include a much greater emphasis on renewable resources and bio-based processes.Brief accounts of this work were presented at the 7th International Symposium on Green Chemistry in China (Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China, May 2005) and at the Joint US–China Green Chemistry Workshop (Beijing, People’s Republic of China, May 2005; this workshop was supported by US National Science Foundation grant CHE-0522369). 相似文献
999.
The current and future projections of energy utilisation and related environmental impact has been given. Due to the heavy dependance on low grade lignites and imported hard coal, Turkey is going to have problems in the control of CO2 emissions. Turkey was at first included as an Annex I country according to Kyoto Protocol. Later, it has been removed from the list which is justified considering the previous international environmental impact control applications and relatively much lower energy utilisation in Turkey, compared to Annex I countries. Therefore, Turkey has been removed from the Annex I list.Turkish power generation, industrial and transportation sector will be facing a difficult challenge over the coming 20 yr in complying with environmental impact levels. The developments in the liberalisation of Turkish energy sector since the 1980's is a positive step to overcome the problems. 相似文献
1000.