天然气中汞及其化合物的检测系统与分析方法研究＊

准确测定天然气中汞及其化合物的采样方法和分析技术成为近年来一个重要的研究内容。文章对该项技术进行了实验研究,并依据研发的实验装置建立了相应分析方法。实验表明:甲基汞加标回收率为87.5%～92.2%;乙基汞加标回收率为86.5%～92.0%,采用该套检测系统可以对天然气中汞及其化合物进行有效的分离和定量分析。     

屏蔽室环境工况对传导骚扰测量的影响

建立工况可调屏蔽室：安装恒温恒湿系统，实现温度在（10～35）℃连续可调、测量空间温度场均匀度和最大波动均〈10℃，湿度控制在（30～60）％范围。利用工况可调屏蔽室，研究温湿度对传导骚扰测试结果的影响：选取电动工具、空调（变频、定频）、除湿机等产品，研究不同产品传导骚扰电压与谐波随环境温湿度的变化规律，发现骚扰电压和谐波测量值随环境温度的变化有很大的不同，试验证明这些产品的传导骚扰电压和谐波测量值明显随着环境温度而变化。研究结果对提高，实验室电磁兼容测试水平具有良好的实用价值，对于相关标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

北上台风生成和路径的卫星云图特征研究

对在太平洋上北上转向登陆日本的台风的生成和移动，利用卫星云图分析和云顶黑体温度计算作了研究。得出结论认为如果有一条或几条长达500～1000km以上的长云带卷入，且云顶黑体温度降低到-70℃以下，而-60℃的范围扩大到3×4个纬距以上，则热带低压很可能在24h以内发展成为热带风暴－台风。本文还确认，海表面温度Tss≥29℃是台风生成最重要的环境条件。通过对北上台风移动的卫星云图特征的研究，指出台风外围卷入的长云带走向往往预示着台风的未来移向。尤其是台风南部来自SW-S-SE方向的季风汇合带云带，不仅意味着台风强度的加强和维持，更预示着台风将往北移动。     

Dissolution of beryllium in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid

Dissolution of a lung burden of poorly soluble beryllium particles is hypothesized to be necessary for development of chronic beryllium lung disease (CBD) in humans. As such, particle dissolution rate must be sufficient to activate the lung immune response and dissolution lifetime sufficient to maintain chronic inflammation for months to years to support development of disease. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that poorly soluble beryllium compounds release ions via dissolution in lung fluid. Dissolution kinetics of 17 poorly soluble particulate beryllium materials that span extraction through ceramics machining (ores, hydroxide, metal, copper-beryllium [CuBe] fume, oxides) and three CuBe alloy reference materials (chips, solid block) were measured over 31 d using artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (pH 4.5). Differences in beryllium-containing particle physicochemical properties translated into differences in dissolution rates and lifetimes in artificial phagolysosomal fluid. Among all materials, dissolution rate constant values ranged from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ g cm⁻² d⁻¹ and half-times ranged from tens to thousands of days. The presence of magnesium trisilicate in some beryllium oxide materials may have slowed dissolution rates. Materials associated with elevated prevalence of CBD had faster beryllium dissolution rates [10⁻⁷-10⁻⁸ g cm⁻² d⁻¹] than materials not associated with elevated prevalence (p < 0.05).     

基于1NM1模型的环保信息系统模式构建及其技术实现

环保信息化建设是一项复杂的系统工程,它需要充分考虑地域差异、业务差异、标准差异以及各层级数据之间的互联互通等问题。本文从顶层设计角度提出了1NM1信息化理论模型及其系统架构,并提出一个熵值公式来表示整个系统信息化的复杂程度。1NM1模型用来描述并指导在一个具有M个层级,每个层级又有N个部门,且层级和部门之间各具特色的组织中如何建设遵循统一平台、统一标准的统一化信息系统。该系统按照"云"加"端"的总分架构进行设计,并将整个系统分为云平台(Joint Cloud)和端平台(Joint OS)两个部分。通过云平台来对本级节点各类应用的数据和业务进行整合,然后利用端平台对本级节点新应用系统进行构建。1NM1模型的提出,不仅可为环保信息化的顶层设计、系统各层级之间的业务协同以及信息资源的整合提供一种新的解决思路,也可为其他行业的信息化建设提供理论指导与借鉴。     

电厂循环冷却水中异养菌的检测与分析

通过对城市中水回用于火电厂循环冷却系统的微生物进行试验检测与分析,发现循环水进行前期处理后水中大肠菌群、铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌含量分别为5个/ml、110个/ml和0.7个/ml以下,均在安全限度之内。对循环水中的异养菌检测分析发现其值在105～106个/mL范围内波动,形成火电厂循环水系统的主要危害,提出影响火电厂循环冷却系统的主要影响菌类为异养菌的结论,对循环冷却水系统微生物的控制具有一定指导意义。     

煤尘爆炸性鉴定中瞬间火焰长度检测技术的研究

确定煤尘爆炸性质需要检测其燃烧瞬间的火焰长度,现有的大管状煤尘爆炸性鉴定系统以肉眼观察作为主要检测手段,存在测量精度差、重复性误差大以及人为干扰因素多等问题,提出将数字图像处理技术引入到煤尘爆炸性鉴定系统的方法即通过采用数字图像处理技术,对煤尘火焰图像进行预处理及图像分割与边缘检测后,得到最大火焰长度特征参数,并推导出煤尘爆炸的判断依据。     

炼油厂二硫醚恶臭污染物的监测

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)及硫化学发光检测气相色谱法(GC - SCD)定性和定量测定炼油厂二硫醚类恶臭污染物二甲二硫、乙基甲基二硫醚和二乙基二硫醚的方法.当进样体积为0.1mL时,GC - SCD法的二硫醚最低检出限为0.1～0.2 mg/m3,二甲二硫和乙基甲基二硫醚的RSD不超过2.4％(n=5),二甲...     

加油站场地油品渗漏探测及土壤污染评估

用洛阳铲采集某地区10座地下贮罐罐龄接近或超过10年的典型加油站场地不同深度土样,并分别用吹脱/捕集/热脱附/气相色谱法和快速溶剂萃取/硅酸镁净化/气相色谱法分析样品中的挥发性和萃取性石油烃,发现2座加油站疑似油品渗漏,其中1座为柴油渗漏,地下贮罐附近1.2 ～3.0 m深度土壤总石油烃含量16.1 ～24.6 g/kg,均超过荷兰土壤清除标准,另1座为汽油和柴油混合渗漏,其地下贮罐附近2.4m深度土壤总石油烃含量较高,但未超标.个别加油站场地较高的土壤天然有机物背景值可能计入EPH的分析结果,但其色谱指纹明显不同于石油烃.     

Monitoring and assessment of wetlands using Earth Observation: the GlobWetland project

The overall objective of the Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971, is the conservation and wise use of wetlands by national action and international cooperation as a means to achieving sustainable development. This complex and challenging task requires national, local and international bodies involved in the implementation of the convention to rely on suitable geo-information to better understand wetland areas, complete national inventories, perform monitoring activities, carry out assessments and put in practice suitable management plans based on updated and reliable information. In the last years, Earth Observation (EO) technology has been revealed as a key tool and unique information source to support the environmental community in different application domains, including wetlands' conservation and management. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) in collaboration with the Ramsar Secretariat launched in 2003 the "GlobWetland" project in order to demonstrate the current capabilities of Earth Observation technology to support inventorying, monitoring, and assessment of wetland ecosystems. This paper collects the main results and findings of the "GlobWetland" project, providing an overview of the current capabilities and limits of EO technology as a tool to support the implementation of the Ramsar Convention. The project was carried out in collaboration with several regional, national and local conservation authorities and wetland managers, involving 50 different wetlands across 21 countries on four continents. This large range of users provided an excellent test bed to assess the potential of this technology to be applied in different technical, economic and social conditions.