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81.
ABSTRACT: The domestic sewage of the city of Beer-Sheva, Israel, which is located in an arid region, is treated in a series of facultative ponds. The treated effluent is stored temporarily in an open surface earthen reservoir (about 0.5 ± 106 m3 in volume) and then used for irrigation. The effluent is applied via sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems. The main crops irrigated are cotton, wheat, alfalfa, and corn. Total cotton yield is over 5500 kg/ha, and the wheat grain yield is over 7500 kg/ha. The amount of effluent applied is about 6500 m3/ha for cotton (including preplant irrigation), and the wheat receives about 4500 m3/ha via irrigation and an additional 2000 m3/ha from precipitation. Due to the nutrient content in the effluent, the above yields are obtained without any additional fertilization. 相似文献
82.
Paul N. Wilson Teddy J. Goldammer James C. Wade 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(1):1-9
ABSTRACT: Urban wastewater can be a valuable source of water and plant nutrients for agricultural producers, particularly in arid regions. The scientific literature reveals cautious optimism concerning the biological, institutional, and economic viability of irrigating crops with secondary-treated effluent. A derived effluent demand function for agricultural producers near Tucson, Arizona, reveals a potential annual demand of 11,000 acre-feet under present price and proposed delivery system conditions. In this case, wastewater could be exchanged for ground water and both the urban and rural areas would gain. 相似文献
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86.
US/Fenton试剂协同处理焦化废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用US (超声波)协同Fenton试剂氧化法处理焦化废水,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、废水的pH、反应时间和超声波功率对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,在H2O2投加量7.0 g/L;Fe2 投加量500 mg/L;pH=3.0; 反应时间 40 min; 超声波功率 600 W 的条件下,COD、NH3-N、CN-和色度的去除率分别达95.8%、71.3%、69.5%和75.2%,出水COD降至41.0 mg/L.在相同条件下,US/Fenton试剂协同法的处理效率比单独Fenton试剂氧化法的处理效率提高了约20%,且反应时间显著缩短. 相似文献
87.
高COD焦化废水的吸附研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了粉末活性炭对焦化废水COD的去除效率.结果表明,在pH值为6左右时,向50 mL焦化废水中投加1 g粉末活性炭,吸附1 h,COD去除率可达98.5%. 相似文献
88.
M. Bundgaard-Nielsen C. L. Hwang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(4):805-810
ABSTRACT: The interaction between the level of taxation and the firms accruing choice of treatment technology is discussed. It is shown that there is a risk of overtaxation, that is, simply increasing taxation may fail to improve environmental quality but only increase production costs and thus consumer prices. 相似文献
89.
W. H. van der Schalie K. L. Dickson G. F. Westlake J. Cairns Jr. 《Environmental management》1979,3(3):217-235
Spills of toxic materials into bodies of water receiving industrial waste discharges can be prevented only if frequent or continuous assessments of effluent quality can be made. Currently available methods can automatically measure individual physical or chemical waste components but cannot assess toxicity caused by the interaction of components or the presence of an unsuspected material. Aquatic organisms, in contrast, respond to their total environment and in this way integrate the effects of all the various chemical and physical waste parameters.This study evaluates the possibility of using the continuously and automatically recorded responses of fish to monitor the toxicity of industrial waste effluents. A review of previously developed toxicity monitoring systems is followed by a field evaluation of a method that uses the computer-monitored ventilatory patterns of 12 bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) to monitor the toxicity of an industrial waste effluent as it flows into a river. No known toxic spills occurred in the effluent during the operation of this system, but acetone added to the effluent waste caused responses from the fish at concentrations which peaked near the 96-hr LC50 level. Some responses were also noted when no known toxicant was present; these were related to environmental disturbances and system design problems. Recommendations are made for the design of future biologic monitoring units. 相似文献
90.
Albert N. Link Frank A. Scott 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(3):498-500
This paper reports the findings of a case study of the relative costs of a uniform standards system and an effluent fee system of water quality control. A 30-mile stretch of the Black Warrior River in Alabama is considered. The analysis demonstrates that the dischargers could reduce total pollution abatement costs by 33 percent under the suggested effluent fee system. 相似文献