网格技术支持下的我国地震工程远程协同试验系统

建设我国地震工程远程协同试验系统（NEESGrid CN）的目的是促进国内地震工程研究领域的资源共享和同行间的交流、联合，为防震减灾相关研究工作提供交互平台。从NEESGrid CN建设的框架出发，明确了系统建设的原则，分析了地震工程远程协同中专业计算机的作用，阐明了LOOKING信息收集的功能，同时指出了NEESGrid CN发展的关键技术问题，即异构数据和数据流服务。最后，分析了几种NEESGrid CN的工作模式。     

我国土壤环境管理政策进展与展望

土壤是经济社会可持续发展的物质基础，关系人民群众身体健康，关系美丽中国建设，保护好土壤环境是推进生态文明建设和维护国家生态安全的重要内容。本文系统梳理了20世纪80年代以来中国土壤环境管理政策发展历程，并将其划分为土壤环境基础调查、农用地土壤污染治理、土壤污染状况调查和试点示范、土壤污染风险管控四个阶段，提出了当前基于风险管控的土壤环境管理总体思路，以及土壤污染预防和保护、农用地分类管理、建设用地准入管理等主要制度具体要求。立足土壤污染防治实际和生态环境保护新形势、新要求，分析今后一段时期中国土壤环境管理的发展趋势，并从制度标准完善、分级分类分区差异化防控、风险协同管控、技术创新等方面提出完善对策与建议。     

INVOLVING WATERSHED STAKEHOLDERS: AN ISSUE ATTRIBUTE APPROACH TO DETERMINE WILLINGNESS AND NEED1

ABSTRACT: The development of effective solutions for addressing nonpoint source pollution on a watershed basis often involves watershed stakeholders. However, success in engaging stakeholders in collaborative decision making processes varies, as watershed managers are faced with the challenges inherent to finding the right process for the decisions needed and in successfully engaging stakeholders in that process. Two characteristics that may provide guidance for determining the appropriateness of applying a collaborative process to a watershed problem are the need to collaborate and the willingness of stakeholders to engage in a collaborative decision making process. By examining seven attributes of the issues confronted by stakeholders in a collaborative process, the consequences of these attributes on the need for collaboration and stakeholders' willingness to engage can be estimated. The issue attributes include: level of uncertainty, balance of information, risk, time horizon of effects, urgency of decision, distribution of effects, and clarity of problem. The issue attribute model was applied to two collaborative decision making processes conducted by the same watershed stakeholder group in a North Carolina coastal watershed. Need and willingness to engage did not coincide for either issue; that is, stakeholders were more willing to engage on the issue that required less need for their involvement.     

Collaborative modelling‐based shelter planning analysis: a case study of the Nagata Elementary School Community in Kobe City,Japan

This study, based on a questionnaire survey and workshops, and with a focus on the impact of an earthquake on the Nagata Elementary School Community in Kobe City, Japan, develops a collaborative model to assess the allocation of residents to shelters. The current official allocation plan is compared with three alternative allocations developed within the framework of this model. The collaborative model identifies accessibility, amenity, capacity, connectivity, continuity, security, and stability as the basic, necessary criteria for shelter planning. The three alternative allocations are very similar to the local residents’ own choice of shelters, but they are quite different from the current official allocation plan, which is supposed to be followed but has achieved relatively low satisfaction among households. The proposed collaborative approach provides an effective tool to assess the officially determined allocation plan by taking into account the viewpoints of local residents, and the results are useful for enhancing community evacuation planning.     

三维地理应急系统在含硫气田开发过程中的建设与应用

针对四川复杂地形含硫气田开发过程中可能出现的火灾、爆炸、原料气泄漏等突发事故,难以及时判断事故的发展趋势并确定有效的应对措施,加之对事发点周边的社会和地理环境不熟悉,极易造成群死群伤事故。研究了适用于安全监管与应急防控一体化的管理系统及“平战结合”的运行模式,开发了石油化工领域专用的空间GIS平台,以空间关系做为数据关联分析的底层逻辑,形成贯穿气田设计、建设、运营全生命周期的数据完整性管理体系。并重点针对含硫天然气事故灾害类型和应急支撑数据采集内容进行研究,形成应急管理与快速响应整套技术方法及示范工程,显著缩短了风险辨识和预警时间,提高了应急响应速度和应急决策能力。     

Community participation in the management of forest reserves in the Northern Region of Ghana

The 1994 forest and wildlife policy of Ghana provides the basis for community participation in forest management through participatory forest management. Even though forest reserves in the Northern Region are said to be managed collaboratively, fringe communities are supposedly involved only in maintenance activities of the reserve boundaries and seedling planting in plantation programmes. The forest reserves are said to be threatened by illegal activities from the fringe communities. This study therefore examined the nature of community participation in the management of forest reserves.

It is a mixed method research in which structured interview schedule, in-depth interview and focus group discussion guides were used for data collection. Respondents comprised community members, forestry staff and NGOs. Communities’ participation was found to be passive and tokenistic and limited to boundary cleaning and providing labour on plantations. There is no formal collaboration between communities and Forest Services Division. Prospects to communities’ participation lie in the continuous flow of benefits and their active involvement in management decisions. Active involvement of communities in all decision-making processes, capacity building of communities and forestry staff, incentive schemes and awareness creation are recommended for promoting community participation in managing forest reserves in Northern Region.     

司法的流域性——兼论我国长江经济带司法协同治理

推动长江经济带发展是中共中央作出的重大决策,是关系国家发展全局的重要战略。法治是长江经济带实现高质量发展的根本保障。2021年3月1日,我国第一部流域法律《长江保护法》正式施行。长江流域司法协同治理是实现《长江保护法》提出的统筹协调、系统保护机制的重要保障。当前,我国长江经济带司法治理呈现碎片化特征,流域生态系统在司法保护尺度内尚未统一。本文基于对司法空间属性的理论分析,结合美国流域司法治理相关案例的考察,提出从空间协同性和专业协同性两个角度构建我国长江司法协同治理机制。     

制度-技术-资源协同影响生态经济的效果分析

生态经济是在生态系统承载能力范围内,运用系统工程方法和生态经济学原理改变生产和消费方式,挖掘资源的潜力,建设体制合理与社会和谐环境的经济形态。生态经济的以资源为基础,以政策与制度为导向,以技术创新为支撑,是制度、技术、资源等重要影响变量协同作用的结果,制度变迁、技术创新、资源利用三者共同作用于生态经济运行过程都呈现出了典型的非线性特征;将制度、技术、资源分别视为生态经济系统的高层、中层和低层子系统,以逻辑斯蒂（Logistic）曲线为基础,建构了生态经济发展的非线性动力学模型;最后以系统论的观点分析了制度、技术、资源与生态经济发展、科学发展观贯彻、和谐社会构建之间的互动关系。     

铵态氮肥和腐殖酸协同促进孔雀草对土壤中Cd的去除

为了提升孔雀草(Tagetes patula L.)对镉(Cd)污染土壤的修复潜力,通过田间试验,研究铵态氮肥和腐殖酸对孔雀草生长以及土壤中Cd去除的影响.结果表明,氮肥(N)与氮肥和腐殖酸联用处理(NHA)可显著提高孔雀草的生物量;与对照(CK)相比,NHA和N处理下孔雀草地上部生物量分别提高了 2.49倍和1.52倍(肥东土壤),提高了 2.28倍和1.74倍(长丰土壤).在孔雀草生长期间,氮肥和腐殖酸能够降低土壤pH值,尤其是NHA处理;NHA处理较CK处理在肥东和长丰土壤上pH值分别降低了 0.76和0.84个单位;腐殖酸处理(HA)能显著提高肥东与长丰土壤中DOC的含量.NHA和HA处理能显著促进孔雀草根系生长发育,改善孔雀草的根系形态特征.在肥东和长丰土壤中,与CK相比较,NHA处理土壤有效态Cd含量分别增加了 64.1％和53.1％,孔雀草Cd的累积量分别增加了 7.17倍和4.15倍;NHA处理的土壤Cd去除率最高,在肥东和长丰土壤上分别达到17.06％和14.08％.本研究表明在强化孔雀草修复重金属Cd污染土壤方面,铵态氮肥和腐殖酸的联用具有潜在应用前景.     

基于路网协同维护的灾后配电网抢修优化研究*

为探究灾后配电网应急抢修工作中损坏路网维护的协同效应,基于以往灾后配电网的单独抢修模型研究,提出路网-配电网协同抢修模型,并采用Benders算法对云南某地配电网案例进行分析。研究结果表明:极端灾害背景下,配电网的恢复时间受到损坏路网的维护力量影响,随着路网的维护力量提高,配电网的恢复时间先逐渐减小后趋于不变。对于灾后配电网的应急抢修工作,除非路网受灾后完好无损,否则考虑路网的维护协同是必要的。研究结果可为灾后配电网维修与路网维护的协同优化工作提供参考和借鉴。