Multi-objective Programming and Social Welfare Analysis of Rural-urban Land Conversion Decision-making

Rural-urban land conversion is an inevitable phenomenon in urbanization and industrialization. And the decision-making issue about this conversion is multi-objective because the social decision maker (the whole of central government and local authority) has to integrate the requirements of different interest groups (rural collective economic organizations, peasants, urban land users and the ones affected indirectly) and harmonize the sub-objects (economic, social and ecological outcomes) of this land allocation process. This paper established a multi-objective programming model for rural-urban land conversion decision-making and made some social welfare analysis correspondingly. Result shows that the general object of rural-urban land conversion decision-making is to reach the optimal level of social welfare in a certain state of resources allocation, while the preference of social decision makers and the value judgment of interest groups are two crucial factors which determine the realization of the rural-urban land conversion decision-making objects.     

农户宅基地流转意愿的影响因素分析——基于湖北二县市的农户调查研究

通过对湖北省二县市农户宅基地流转意愿的抽样调查，采用Logistic回归模型，分析农户宅基地流转意愿与区位条件、农户家庭属性特征及经济发展水平等的关系，找出影响农户宅基地流转意愿的主要因素。研究结果表明：目前愿意将自家宅基地进行流转的农户所占比例略高于50%。按作用程度排序，影响农户宅基地流转意愿的因素依次为非农收入占总收入的比重、距县城距离、对政策了解程度、户主年龄、户主学龄；其中，距县城距离和户主年龄的影响方向为负，其它因素的作用方向为正。从区域角度来看，经济较发达地区农户非农收入已占据主导地位，农户的流动性较强，愿意流转的农户所占比例高于社会经济欠发达地区的比例；影响农户宅基地流转意愿的因素及其作用程度也存在一定的区域差异。     

北京、石家庄2017—2018年PM2.5与SNA组分特征及典型重污染分析

基于北京、石家庄2017、2018年的1月和7月PM_2.5样品采集,研究两地采暖期、非采暖期及典型重污染过程的PM_2.5、SNA污染特征及二次转化特征.应用TrajStat模型,结合浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）,分析两地PM_2.5气流输送路径以及潜在源区.利用WRF-CAMx模式定量分析两地重污染月份（2017年1月）PM_2.5、硫酸盐及硝酸盐的区域传输贡献.结果表明, 2017年1月北京和石家庄均存在重污染过程,两年1月石家庄市PM_2.5浓度均高于北京; SNA占PM_2.5所有组分的34.11%~51.68%,对PM_2.5浓度有重要贡献,其中北京NO₃^-浓度最高,石家庄SO₄^2-浓度最高, SO₄^2-/NO₃^-夏季高于冬季;北京SOR高于石家庄,石家庄NOR高于北京,重污染期间两城市硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐质量浓度、SOR与NOR明显升高;两地冬季气流主要受俄罗斯、蒙古、内蒙戈壁等地区的西北方向远距离输送影响,另外北京两年冬季均存在西南传输通道,石家庄重污染期间受冀南和鲁西北重工业城市群潜在贡献较高,两市夏季受东南季风影响,污染轨迹多来自渤海湾和山东等地区; 2017年1月,北京、石家庄PM_2.5受周边区域传输贡献分别为33.80%、22.54%,其中河北南部分别贡献14.86%, 17.21%,二次离子中NO₃^-的传输作用比SO₄^2-更加突出.从PM_2.5本地源来看,北京主要来源为移动源和扬尘源,分别占比43.30%、20.10%,石家庄为工业、燃煤和扬尘,分别占比26.40%、24.82%、22.50%.     

A型和Y型分子筛在两段式热解过程中对WPCB热解油轻质化的影响

在500℃下,利用3种分子筛(4A、5A和Al_2O_3分子筛)对废弃印刷线路板(WPCBs)非金属粉末进行共催化热解试验.通过对热解三相产物产率的计算、热解油馏程分布、成分和碳数分布分析,研究不同分子筛对WPCBs热解过程中热解油轻质化效果的影响.结果表明,5A分子筛对WPCBs热解油轻质化效果最好,其中轻组分或汽油组分(馏出温度在0~200℃)含量最高,达到45%,而柴油组分(馏出温度在200~350℃)含量也达到了45%,成分主要以苯酚、异丙基苯酚和双酚A为主,选择性较好,热解油的碳数分布与汽油碳数分布相近,且热解油的含溴有机物(如2-溴苯酚)有一定的去除效果.Al_2O_3对热解油轻质化和脱溴的效果比5A分子筛稍差.而4A分子筛对热解油的轻质化效果和脱溴效果都较弱.综上所述,5A分子筛在热解油轻质化研究中具有良好的催化作用.     

资源型城市刚性产业结构的问题与对策--以大庆市为例

资源型城市在中国经济发展过程中起着重要作用,但近年来随着资源的过度开发,资源型城市的发展面临着一系列问题.以大庆市为例,通过对大庆问题的分析,得出影响大庆发展的根本性问题是刚性产业结构,阐述了其带来的诸如经济发展缓慢、失业、政府能力低下等严重影响.在大庆自身优势的基础上,围绕解决刚性结构提出了发展措施.     

Financial viability of reforesting reclaimed surface mined lands, the burden of site conversion costs, and carbon payments as reforestation incentives

US Federal law mandates that mined land be returned by mine operators to a condition capable of supporting its pre-mining use or a higher use. Previously forested lands have commonly been reclaimed to hayland/pasture or wildlife habitat, and most of these lands have been abandoned from management and rendered non-productive. This situation has left landowners in the position of converting these reclaimed mined lands to forests at a later date, if they choose to make them economically productive. Such land-use conversion, however, comes with a substantial up-front cost to the landowner, which makes the financial viability of such a conversion questionable. We examine the financial viability of reforestation of these previously reclaimed mine lands by calculating land expectation value (LEV) under a range of conditions that include forest type, site quality, and reforestation intensity. We find that conversion to white pine is viable on higher quality sites under low to moderate interest rates with low or high timber prices, but conversion to mixed hardwoods is only profitable under the high price scenario with low interest rates, and only on higher quality sites. We also consider the implications of a shift in reforestation burden from the landowner to the mine operator, and results suggest that including costs of reforestation as part of the mining operation creates a financially viable forest enterprise for landowners under all scenarios for both white pine and mixed hardwoods. Two forms of carbon payments that could encourage reforestation of previously reclaimed mined lands also are examined: an annual payment based upon the total accumulated carbon found on-site in a given year, and an annual payment based on only the increment of carbon storage each year. Our carbon payment results indicate that annual values of up to $5.17 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $9.39 per ton of carbon stored in pines would be required to make reforestation profitable under the poorest conditions (high interest rates, low prices, and poor quality site) when the payment is based on accumulated on-site carbon, although lower values are required under more favorable scenarios. Payments that are based upon the annual increment of carbon must fall in the range of $8.66–$71.88 per ton of carbon stored in hardwoods and $0–$83.29 per ton of carbon stored in pines to make reforestation financially viable.     

“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念实践模式与路径探析

“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念是习近平生态文明思想的重要内容，为推动经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护提供了根本遵循。本文在评估“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念实践进展与成效的基础上，从护美绿水青山和做大金山银山两个维度，研究提出11种实践典型模式，并基于不同经济发展水平和生态环境条件差异，提出4类区域转化路径。最后，提出推广“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念实践模式、优化“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化路径、完善“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念评价机制与技术能力、强化政策支持和引导等建议。     

浅论吴泾化工总厂的废水治理

叙述了吴泾化工总厂废水排放与治理概况,着重介绍了尿素生产废水、造气含氰废水和变换废水的处理工艺。     

NO conversion by positive streamer discharge-effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions

The effects of gas compositions and reaction conditions on NO conversion by positive streamer discharge were experimentally investigated by using a link tooth wheel-cylinder reactor. The results showed that NO conversion increased with increasing O₂ concentration and NH₃ concentration, but decreased with increasing inlet NO concentration and gas flow rate. The addition of CO₂ or H₂O to the feed gas promoted NO conversion by increasing the maximum discharge voltage, and NH₄NO₃ was formed in the presence of NH₃. There was a most suitable range interval between discharge tooth wheels if both NO conversion and energy consumption were considered. Increasing applied voltage resulted in the increase in the amount of O₃ generated by streamer discharge.     

用MATLAB实现滤波器对数字地震资料处理初探

本文介绍了用MATLAB工具软件对数字离散信号进行频谱分析和设计FIR数字滤波器的方法，并用它对数字地震记录进行频谱分析和滤波处理。文中还给出了地震台站测震数据进行频谱分析和滤波处理的实例，对台站在地震数据处理中有一定的应用价值。