舰船海水管路腐蚀状态评估技术研究

目的研究建立舰船海水管路的腐蚀状态评估指标体系及评估方法。方法通过经验选择影响舰船海水管路腐蚀状态的重要指标,并确定相应评估方法、评价标准及权重。结果选择管材腐蚀程度、阴极保护状态、电绝缘保护状态、海水流速控制状态、密封材料密封状态5项参数组成海水管路系统腐蚀状态评估指标体系。结论可选用层次-模糊法对海水管路腐蚀状态进行评估,其中层次分析法(AHP)用来确定评价指标权重,模糊综合评判法用来处理评价指标值。     

加速腐蚀当量加速关系研究方法综述

为了进一步研究当量加速关系,归纳了现有腐蚀损伤当量化的研究方法,详细介绍了基于电化学原理、物理参量和力学损伤的当量折算法,讨论了各种方法的优劣和所适用范围。基于电化学原理的当量加速关系研究方法适合用于制定飞机金属结构加速试验环境谱,以物理参量为基准的当量折算法适用于建立疲劳关键部位、腐蚀关键部位的涂层及金属基体等各种加速试验环境谱的当量加速关系,力学损伤对比法适合用于结构疲劳关键部位。最后得出针对不同材料、不同部位应该采用不同的当量加速关系的结论。     

老龄飞机结构的腐蚀问题与对策

列举了某型老龄飞机腐蚀故障案例,阐明了老龄飞机结构腐蚀的共性问题及特点,从使用寿命期指标体系、结构抗腐蚀品质、服役环境、使用维护与腐蚀修理等方面较系统地分析了老龄飞机结构腐蚀的主要原因和影响因素。重点阐述了老龄飞机结构腐蚀防护对策与措施,主要包括结构腐蚀检查评估、涂层体系改进与结构密封防水改进、外场使用维护中腐蚀预防与控制措施。     

某型飞机腐蚀防护及设计改进

目的针对某型飞机的腐蚀问题开展研究,制定结构腐蚀修理和防腐改进措施。方法对外场飞机的腐蚀情况进行统计归类,对现有飞机防护体系进行梳理,分析结构腐蚀原因和防护体系的不足。在对飞机服役地区环境进行实测的基础上,编制飞机地面停放环境谱和飞机结构局部环境谱。研究制定结构防护体系设计改进措施,并通过加速腐蚀试验验证设计改进效果。结果与结构设计改进前的原始状态相比,防腐改进后的结构日历寿命提高1.6~5倍。结论飞机防护体系薄弱的情况下容易引发多种类型的腐蚀问题;系统地对飞机结构腐蚀问题进行治理,才能取得令人满意的效果。     

城市热岛效应下浅层土中混凝土的酸腐蚀试验研究

针对城市热岛效应引起城区浅层土地温场升高这一观测结果,采用室内快速模拟试验方法,对城区酸性土壤腐蚀混凝土材料的温度效应开展了试验研究.试验研究了在温度为5℃、20℃和40℃条件下,混凝土试样在酸浓度分别为0%、5%和10%的沙土介质中放置30 d、90 d后的抗压强度变化规律,并对混凝土试样在腐蚀过程中的腐蚀系数变化规...     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究

对不同锈蚀程度的钢筋混凝土圆柱进行低周反复试验,研究了不同轴压比下的钢筋锈蚀率对钢筋混凝土圆柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度、延性及耗能能力的影响;给出了试件累积耗能、屈服荷栽、极限荷栽、荷栽最大值和位移延性系数与钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的关系.研究表明,随着钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的增大,试件的滞回曲线趋于干瘪,骨架曲线下降段变陡,试...     

The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion

The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) has existed for a long time and for most of this time it has been cloaked in mystery. Several theories have been put forward to explain this very energetic event but none have been proven. This paper describes a series of tests that have recently been conducted to study this phenomenon.

The study involved ASME code automotive propane tanks with nominal capacities of 400 litres. The tanks were exposed to a combination of pool and/or torch fires. These fire conditions led to thermal ruptures, and in some cases these ruptures resulted in BLEVEs. The variables in the tests were the pressure-relief valve setting, the tank wall thickness, and the fire condition.

In total, 30 tests have been conducted, of which 22 resulted in thermal ruptures. Of those tanks that ruptured, 11 resulted in what we call BLEVEs. In this paper, we have defined a BLEVE as the explosive release of expanding vapour and boiling liquid following a catastrophic tank failure. Non-BLEVEs involved tanks that ruptured but which only resulted in a prolonged jet release.

The objective of this study was to investigate why certain tank ruptures lead to a BLEVE rather than a more benign jet-type release. Data are presented to show how wall temperature, wall thickness, liquid temperature and fill level contribute to the BLEVE process.     

ASSESSING THE THREAT TO LIFE FROM DAM FAILURE1

ABSTRACT: To facilitate decisions regarding the need for modification of potentially unsafe dams, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation developed procedures for assessing the threat to human lives posed by the failure of individual dams. The procedures provide a conceptual model of the variables influencing the loss of life from dam failure and a method for predicting loss of life based on the size of the population at risk from failure and the amount of warning time available for that population. The prediction equations are based on an analysis of 24 dam failures and major flash floods occurring since 1950. Adjustments to the predictions to reflect special local conditions are also discussed.     

排污收费政策失灵分析

在市场经济体制下,经常会出现政策失灵。本文首先介绍了政策失灵的基本理论,然后对我国的排污收费政策失灵进行了深入分析,最后提出了完善我国排污收费政策的对策。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL TO EVALUATE HYDROLOGIC RISK IN WATER RESOURCE SYSTEM DESIGN1

In this paper, a procedure for analyzing a water resource system with special emphasis on evaluation of acceptable economic risk due to occasional failures to deliver water is proposed. The basic methodology includes the development of a simple mathematical model which describes the physical hydrologic and economic characteristics of a single reservoir irrigation and city water supply system and an evaluation of economic benefits of the system with full and partial deliveries of water. The system is simulated for various combinations of decision variables (system magnitudes) and an optimum design is obtained by response surface technology. Emphasis is placed on the basic model and methodology although, in order to introduce some realism, the procedure is applied to data based on the existing reservoir system on the South Concho River in West Central Texas.