单甲脒对鲤鱼的急性和亚急性毒性

为制定渔业水质标准的需要,用静态实验的方法测定了单甲脒对鲤鱼的急性和亚急性毒性。亚急性试验经13.34、6.67、3.33、1.67、0.83、0.42mg/L单甲脒暴露35天。在18～21℃下,24、48、72、96h的LC₅₀值分别为33.47、31.62、26.38、25.84mg/L。亚急性试验中,根据单甲脒对鲤鱼生长和脑、肝、肾、鳃ATPase活力的影响,求得单甲脒的最大允许毒物浓度为0.42～0.83mg/L。     

四氯乙烯和对二氯苯对草鱼的联合毒性

采用水生污染暴露试验和水生毒理联合效应相加指数法,研究了四氯乙烯(PCE)和对二氯苯(P-DCB)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的单一毒性与联合毒性.结果表明,PCE和P-DCB的单一毒性均为高毒,且P-DCB的毒性大于PCE.PCE和P-DCB对草鱼的联合染毒在浓度1:1时,暴露时间为24,48,72,96h的相加指数(AI)分别为0.26,0.37,0.78,0.98,联合毒性为相加作用.PCE与P-DCB对草鱼的联合染毒在毒性1:1时,暴露时间为24,48,72,96h的AI分别为-0.15,0.24,0.83,1.30,联合毒性主要是相加作用,但是随着染毒时间的延长,联合毒性由相加作用向协同作用转变.     

2,4-DNT对鲤鱼的急性和亚急性毒性

实验测定２,４－ＤＮＴ对鲤鱼的急生和亚急性亚急性试验经１．６４０,３．２８０,４．９１９,６．５５９,９．１０９ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１２,４－ＤＮＴ暴露３６ｄ,在１５－１９℃下,２４,４８,７２,９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为３０．７８,２７．２５,８４．２４,９６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１。     

砷、铜、苯酚对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio Linn.）的联合毒性研究

应用微核试验、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和酯酶活性测定技术,比较和分析了42d内饲养于ρ（Cu^2 )0.01mg/L、ρ(As^3 )0.1mg/L、ρ（Phe)0.005mg/L及其二二 且合物和三组合物溶液中鲤鱼嗜多染红细胞微核率,肝、肾脏酯酶活性和同工酶谱,结果显示,ρ（Cu^2 )0.01mg/L对鲤鱼嗜多染红细胞微核无诱发作用,肝、肾脏酯酶活性无抑制作用;ρ（Phe)0.005mg/L和ρ(As^3 )0.1mg/L溶液中鲤鱼随时间 延长其微核率相应升高,其肝、肾脏酯酶活性减弱 ,同工酶带减少,砷、铜、苯酚间协同作用增大鲤鱼微核诱发效应,肝、肾脏酯酶活性减弱,同工酶带减少,因此,建议对现行渔业水质标准应作进一步验证实验,要充分考虑污染物间协同效应,以便使渔业水质标准更符合实际。     

胡萝卜鲢鱼丸子的研制

通过对胡萝卜鲢鱼丸子的配方和制作工艺试验,得出了鱼肉、肥膘、淀粉、盐分及胡萝卜颗粒的最佳配比,使产品达到营养化、功能化、方便化的目的。     

五种多环芳烃化合物对鲤鱼肝微粒体芳烃羟化酶的诱导

以鲤鱼肝微粒体为实验体系,研究了被五种多环芳烃(PAH)化合物菲、9,10-菲醌、芘、1-羟基芘、苯并芘污染后,其芳烃羟化酶(AHH)的活性变化,发现多环芳烃对AHH的诱导具有良好的剂量效应关系.AHH活性升高的大小可以作为监测多环芳烃对水体污染程度的一种生物指标.五种多环芳烃对AHH诱导能力的大小为1-羟基芘＞苯并芘;9,10-菲醌＞芘＞菲,与其毒性大小相关.     

氟对鲤鱼脑抗氧化系统及细胞凋亡的影响

以鲤鱼为受试材料,研究了氟化钠对其脑组织的抗氧化系统、组织结构和细胞凋亡的影响.结果发现,染毒30 d时,随氟化钠浓度的升高,SOD、GSH活性表现为先诱导后抑制的趋势;暴露60 d与90 d后,SOD、GSH活性主要表现为抑制.而MDA水平在整个暴露实验期间均呈增高趋势.暴露90 d后,脑组织切片的显微观察结果显示,氟化钠能导致鲤鱼脑组织血栓形成及各细胞层结构发生病理学改变,并具有剂效相关性.生物检测结果显示,随着氟化钠暴露剂量增大,鱼脑细胞凋亡率的增加与MDA水平的升高呈正相关关系(r=0.9968),而Bcl-2的表达减弱与SOD、GSH活性呈正相关关系(r=0.9198,0.9889).     

Influence of Cadmium Ions on the Activities of Enzymes Responsible for Membrane Digestion in Carp

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

Toxic effects of 2,4‐D herbicide on fish

Abstract

Acute and subacute 2,4‐D toxicity to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. Acute toxicity (LC‐ 50) was investigated in semi‐static test during a 24, 48, and 96‐ hours exposition. Subacute toxicity was investigated by exposing fish to different 2,4,‐D concentrations (150, 200, and 250 mg/L) for 14 days. Biochemical and morphological changes in certain organs and tissues were investigated.

LC‐ 50 values at 24 hours exposure was 310.0 mg/L, 295.0 mg/L for 48 hours, and 270.0 mg/L for 96 hours exposure.

Subacute toxicity tests show that 2,4‐D induce changes in the enzyme activities (AP, GOT, GPT) and morphological changes in the gills, liver and kidneys, but changes are of limited biological importance.     

Assessing impacts of introduced aquatic species: Grass carp in large systems

Introduced species have created environmental benefits and unanticipated disasters so a priori assessments of species introductions are needed for environmental management. A checklist for assessing impacts of introduced species was developed from studies of introduced species and recommendations for planning introductions. Sterile, triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) are just beginning to be used as a biocontrol agent for the management of aquatic vegetation in open waterways. Potential impacts of grass carp in open systems were identified by reviewing grass carp biology relative to the impact assessment checklist. The potential consequences of introduced grass carp were reviewed for one case study. The case study demonstrated that conclusions about potential impacts and monitoring needs can be made despite incomplete information and uncertainty. Indicators of environmental impact and vulnerability of host systems were grouped into six categories: population control, hybridization, diseases and parasites, habitat alterations, biological effects, and management issues. Triploid grass carp can significantly alter habitat and biological resources through the secondary effects of reductions in aquatic vegetation. Potential impacts and significant uncertainties involve fish dispersions from plant control areas, inability to control vegetation loss, loss of diverse plant communities and their dependent species, and conflicts with human use of the water resource. Adequate knowledge existed to assess most potential consequences of releasing large numbers of triploid grass carp in Guntersville Reservoir, Alabama. However, the assessment of potential impacts indicated that moderate, incremental stockings combined with monitoring of vegetation and biological resources are necessary to control the effects of grass carp and achieve desirable, intermediate plant densities. Cooperators: Auburn University (Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Sciences), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alabama Game and Fish Division, and the Wildlife Management Institute.