花卉无土栽培技术的研究(Ⅰ)

花卉无土栽培是在土壤栽培的基础上发展起来的现代农业高新技术,本文作者经多年来的无土栽培试验,根据当地条件,改良了霍格兰和阿农(Hogagland&Arnon)配方,改良配方效果显示:无土栽培的花卉其叶色浓艳,叶绿素含量较有土栽培一般高10~20%;黄枯叶较土壤栽培少60~80%左右,耗水量、病虫害较土壤栽培分别少40~60%、75~100﹪,且无杂草,可观期延长.     

几种裸子植物胚乳愈伤组织的诱导

取裸子植物未成熟胚乳作为外植体，在改良MS、添加不同种类激素和不同浓度配比的培养基上．分别予以热激、光培养、暗培养和刻伤胚乳等多种处理进行培养．结果表明：刻伤胚乳和适时暗培养有利于愈伤组织发生；经过25～30d的培养，在ρ（NAA）＝0．5～0．75mg／L、ρ（2，4－D）＝0．2～0．5mg／L、蔗糖浓度5％的培养基上，油松、白皮松、青、华北落叶松以附加ρ（KT）1．0～2．0mg／L以及白、侧柏在BA与KT配合使用的培养基上，热激后暗培养，愈伤组织诱导频率可达86．4％．     

深海热液喷口周围微氧耐压细菌的培养研究

研究采用析因实验设计,探讨了培养基的水源、培养温度和生长pH等因素对喷口细菌生长繁殖的影响,初步探索了常压下东太平洋某海底喷口周围微氧耐压细菌的生长条件。样品培养10d后,对培养液中细菌量进行显微计数,实验数据用SPSS11.0统计软件中的方差分析程序进行处理。统计结果显示:在标准大气压下,从研究样品中获得最多细菌数的较优培养条件为:培养基水源为单蒸水;生长pH为7.60;培养温度为50℃。在该条件的培养液中细菌平均浓度达2.596×10个/mL。研究结果为进一步认识、鉴定与开发利用深海喷口周围细菌资源打下了基础。     

No cultural transmission of species recognition between parents and offspring in free-living great tits and blue tits

Imprinting plays a key role in the development of species recognition, with young imprinting upon the morphological characters of their parents. However, the potential role that cultural transmission might play in species recognition remains largely uninvestigated. Great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) do not normally perceive each other as sexual competitors or potential partners. However, after reciprocal interspecific cross-fostering, both species may perceive individuals of the foster species as potential rivals or mates. Although the experience of being raised by heterospecifics clearly has affected the species recognition of cross-fostered birds, some of them breed naturally with conspecifics. The offspring of such cross-fostered birds (OCF) are hence raised by parents that look like ordinary conspecifics but display deviant species recognition as compared to controls in terms of aggressive response towards rivals. Comparing the aggressive behavior of OCF, cross-fostered birds and controls towards territorial intruders may thus help tease apart the influence of morphological vs behavioral cues of parents in the development of offspring species recognition. To this end, we compared birds from all three treatments with respect to their aggressive response to territorial intruders of both species during the breeding season. OCF and controls did not differ in their pattern of response towards heterospecific and conspecific stimuli. Compared to cross-fostered birds, OCF and controls showed less aggression towards heterospecific intruders, while the response towards conspecific intruders did not differ between treatments. These results demonstrate that both tit species imprint on the morphological characters of their parents, but that parental behavior is not important for the development of species recognition in terms of aggressive response towards territorial intruders.     

PP333在库拉索芦荟组培快繁中的应用研究

以MS 6-BA2.5mg/L NAA0．2mg/L为初代培养基，以MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0．1mg/L为增殖培养基，1，3MS IBA0.5mg/L为生根培养基，添加不同浓度的PP333，其结果表明：初代培养基中添加0．5mg/LPP333有利于库拉索芦荟外植体出芽，增殖培养基中添加0．1-0．5mg/LPP333对库拉索芦荟试管苗增殖有效，而在生根培养基中添加0．5—1．0mg／LPP333有利于生根和移栽，其中以1／3MS IBA0．5mg/L PP3330．5mg/L培养基对库拉索芦荟试管苗生根和移栽有良好效应．     

唐菖蒲原球茎培养的研究

以唐菖蒲球茎芽切段为外植体在含有2，4-D的脱分化培养基上诱导的愈伤组织，可分化出具有双极性的原球茎．通过继代培养，选择了合适的培养条件：激素配比ρ（2，4-D）＋ρ（NAA）＝1mm／L＋0．5mg／L，ρ（Sugar）＝30g／L．pH5．8，θ＝21～26℃．光照液体浅层培养．在优化的条件下，利用双层板径向流生物反应器进行唐菖蒲原球茎培养，28d生物量增殖8倍，原球茎数增殖9倍．     

混合型微生物絮凝剂产生菌的最佳培养条件

从活性污泥中筛选出具有较高絮凝活性的混合菌MBFH,研究了各种条件对混合菌产絮凝剂的影响.结果表明,混合菌MBFH产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为:温度30℃、初始pH8.0、摇床转速为120r/min、培养基含糖量2%、相对接种量15%,其对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达到88%.图5表4参9     

海带配子体克隆育苗生产中幼苗培育技术的研究

探索了海带配子体克隆育苗生产中的幼苗培育技术,试验证明,流水速度和洗刷压力是幼苗培育技术中的关键技术.其技术指标如下:在采苗结束时,(1)流水,应采取附苗后静水、24h后微流水(表层流速5cm/s以下)、72h后正常流水;(2)洗刷,在孢子体生长到8~16列c时开始以0.5kg/cm2的压力洗刷,以后随着孢子体的生长及附着力的提高逐渐增加洗刷强度和次数.结果显示,这样的措施可使配子体附着率达到80%以上、幼苗健壮、出苗质量达到国家一类帘标准,使克隆采苗自8~16列c期间的生长发育速度较常规孢子体采苗后的生长发育速度快20d.另外,还统计分析了克隆育苗和孢子体育苗两种大孢子体的主要经济性状,并从遗传角度证明前者种群变异程度明显小于后者.表6参16     

混合菌对石油的降解

从含油污水中分离得到4株能高效降解石油的微生物菌株(X2、X3、X4、X5),经鉴定,4株菌分别属于黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas sp.)、动胶菌属(Zoogloea sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)和邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas sp.).通过观察4株菌在原油培养基中的生长变化过程,确定了其中的优势菌;并对4株菌进行复配实验以确定各株菌混合后的石油降解效果;用正交实验法确定达到最佳石油降解效果各菌的投加量;通过对残油的Gc-MS测定分析,确定各菌在降解石油时所起的作用.结果表明,混合菌株中菌X4为优势菌,且有高的降解效果(达68,60％),其它3株降解率不高的菌混合投加也能达到较高的降解效果(达63.17％),菌X4是混合菌株维持高降解率的关键;达到最佳降解效果的各菌投加量分别为0.1％、0.1％、0.5％、2.0％;菌X2和菌X3降解C12-C16直链烃和少量支链烃,菌X4和菌X5对C12-C22直链烃有好的降解效果.图2表4参10     

Conservation of Vascular Epiphyte Diversity in Mexican Coffee Plantations

Abstract:  Coffee plantations have replaced many lower-montane forests in the Neotropics, and ongoing intensification is converting traditional polycultures with a variety of shade trees to plantations with no or monospecific shade trees. To evaluate the impact of coffee cultivation on epiphyte diversity, I surveyed vascular epiphytes on shade trees in nine different coffee plantations and compared records with those in four natural forests in central Veracruz, Mexico. Eighty-nine species occurred in coffee plantations, and 104 species occurred in natural forests. The number of epiphytic species in traditional polycultures with old shade trees, mostly of the genus Inga , was similar to that in forests, but plantations with small trees and sparse shade hosted fewer epiphytes than those with large trees. Epiphyte communities were, however, more homogeneous in coffee plantations than in forests, possibly because of a drier microclimate and the lack of large and long-lived trees. These results demonstrate the value of traditional polycultures for epiphyte diversity, show the importance of conserving large shade trees, and suggest that these coffee systems may not be suitable for all epiphytes.