Influence of tetracycline exposure on the growth of wheat seedlings and the rhizosphere microbial community structure in hydroponic culture

In this study, the effects of tetracycline exposure on wheat growth and the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were investigated under hydroponic culture conditions. Exposure to various concentrations of tetracycline resulted in significant suppression of the growth of wheat roots and shoots, with minimum doses of 0.8 mg L^?1 and 4 mg L^?1 resulting in inhibition rates of 32% and 15.4%, respectively. Complete inhibition of the growth of these two parts of wheat plants was observed in response to treatment with tetracycline at 20 mg L^?1 and 100 mg L^?1, respectively. However, the germination of wheat seeds was not sensitive to exposure to tetracycline. The effects of tetracycline exposure on the microbial community in the wheat rhizosphere were evaluated through traditional cultivation and molecular biological analyses. The cultivation results indicated that bacteria were the dominant population, being present in concentrations of 1× 10⁸–2.45× 10⁹CFUs mL^?1, although 39% to 87% inhibition occurred in response to tetracycline. The concentration of fungi increased in all tetracycline treated samples to 2.5 to 15.8 times that of the control. The highest concentration of fungi (4.27× 10⁸ CFU mL^?1) was observed in response to 60 mg L^?1 tetracycline after 15 days of cultivation. In this stage, a large amount of fungal colonies was observed on the surface of the culture solution, the wheat roots became rotted and the plants became atrophic or even died. Molecular biological analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly different in samples that were exposed to high levels of tetracycline (over 20 mg L^?1) than in samples that were exposed to lower concentrations. As the concentration of tetracycline increased, the diversity of the bacteria decreased. Additionally, several dominant sensitive species such as Sphingobacterium multivorum were suppressed by tetracycline, while some resistant species such as Acinetobacter sp. appeared or were conserved. The bacteria population tended to stabilize when the drug concentration exceeded 40 mg L^?1.     

暴露与养护时间对混凝土氯离子扩散性能的影响

随着暴露于实际环境中时间的延长,氯离子在混凝土中的扩散性能逐渐衰减。获取氯离子扩散性能与时间的关系是困难的,而养护时间对混凝土氯离子扩散性能也有影响。通过设计的人工气候环境下暴露和养护时间因素试验,测定了不同配合比、不同养护时间和暴露时间的混凝土中自由氯离子的浓度,并利用Fick第二定律分析了试验混凝土的氯离子扩散系数。分析和试验的结果表明,混凝土扩散系数随着暴露时间和养护时间的延长而降低,而暴露时间对混凝土氯离子扩散性能的影响更加明显,且扩散系数的降低幅度有减缓的趋势。     

吡啶降解菌中质粒的功能探讨

为了探讨吡啶降解菌质粒的特性及其与降解的关系,对降解吡啶的2株细菌Paracoccus sp.BW001及Shinellazoogloeoides BC026进行了质粒提取和脉冲电泳实验,确定BW001含有2个190～245kb的大质粒和1个4.5～5.0kb的小质粒,而BC026含有至少3个超过200kb的大质粒.通过高温-SDS法对含有质粒的2株菌进行质粒消除实验,发现质粒消除后的细菌不再降解吡啶,推测降解吡啶的基因可能存在于质粒上.通过电转化将Paracoccus sp.BW001的质粒转入E.coli5α中,发现转化后的菌株具有耐受吡啶的特性.     

元谋干热河谷植物功能性状组合的海拔梯度响应

植物功能性状能够显示对环境变化的响应,不同的适应对策呈现出不同的功能性状组合。干热河谷地区水分是最主要的限制性环境因子,之前的大部分研究都是集中关注于干热河谷局部地段,对于从垂直海拔上来研究不同植物在环境梯度下的变化的研究较少。干热河谷地区由于梵风效应,水分胁迫沿海拔梯度发生变化,一般表现为随海拔高度升高,气温降低,湿度和降水量增加,而蒸发量减小,辐射增强。以云南元谋干热河谷4个海拔梯度（1491.33、1730.20、1850.00、1925.57 m）中的植物为研究对象,选取叶片干物质含量（LDMC）、叶面积（LA）、比叶面积（SLA）、叶片厚度（LT）和叶密度（LD）5个功能性状,研究它们的相互关系,比较了海拔间的差异。结果表明：1）5个功能性状在不同海拔间均呈现出一定差异,变异系数由高到低为LD>LA>SLA>LT>LDMC（分别是101%、64%、56%、41%和19%）;方差分析结果也表明,5个功能性状在不同海拔之间差异显著（F=56.218,P<0.01;F=7.829,P<0.01;F=11.21,P<0.01;F=7.429,P<0.01;F=19.213,P<0.01）,尤其是在最低（1491.33 mm）和最高（1927.57 mm）海拔之间,各性状均具有极显著的差异;2）性状之间存在组合关系, LD与其他性状间相关性最为明显,除LDMC以外,LD与LA、SLA、LT均呈现出极显著负相关关系;LDMC与LA和LT呈极显著负相关;SLA与LA和LT呈正相关,而与LDMC显著负相关;LT与SLA显著正相关,与LA之间相关性不显著;3）在不同的海拔梯度之间,性状组合存在非同步变化现象。研究显示,元谋干热河谷地区,植物对水分环境的海拔梯度变化产生功能性状组合的响应,低海拔和高海拔物种对所处环境的适应策略不同,使得植物在海拔梯度上出现叶片功能性状组合的分化和差异。     

某城市污水处理厂污泥固化处理研究

课题依托哈尔滨某污水处理厂,通过建立L9(34)正交试验,选取水泥、石灰、煤灰掺入比例以及养护时间为主要影响因素,以固化块的抗压强度和COD浸出浓度为评价指标,得到各因素的影响度大小排序为:水泥养护天数石灰煤灰,优化固化条件为水泥掺入比例15%,石灰掺入比例2%,煤灰10%养护天数6 d。以此为基础进行延展实验,探讨以上因素对污泥固化效果的影响,获得最佳配方。     

Assessment Tools for Urban Catchments: Developing Stressor Gradients1

Abstract: This is the first in a series of three articles designed to establish empirically defined biological indicators and thresholds for impairment for urbanized catchments, and to describe a process by which the biological condition of waterbodies in urbanized catchments can be applied. This article describes alternative gradients of urbanization for assessing and selecting a nationally applicable biological index (article 2 – Purcell et al., this issue ) and defining the potential of biological communities within a gradient of cumulative stressors (article 3 – Paul et al. this issue ). Gradients were designed to represent the most prominent mosaic of stressors found in urban settings. A primary urban gradient was assembled based on readily obtained information of urbanization to include three broad‐scale parameters: percent urban land use/land cover, population density, and road density. This gradient was used as the standard by which alternative urban gradients, which included fine‐scale instream chemical and hydrologic parameters, were assessed. Five alternative gradients were developed to provide numerous environmental management options based on availability of data from water program resources. The urban gradients were developed with the intent that they be applied throughout the country; therefore, data from three different regions of the United States (Mid‐Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Coast) were used to validate the urban gradient model. Our study showed that a relatively straightforward stressor gradient consisting of human population density, road density, and urban land use is useful in providing a framework for developing relevant biological indicators and evaluating the potential of biological communities as a basis for assessing attainment of designated aquatic life use.     

根据具体情况优化EPA8310中色谱分离条件

运用Agilent（安捷伦）1200系列高效液相色谱和多环芳烃专用柱ZORBAX Eclipse PAH（4.6×250mm、5μm,P.N.959990-918,S.N.USPAB01066）,对16种多环芳烃化合物混合溶液进行分析,根据具体实验条件优化EPA8310中色谱分离条件并得到了更节省时间、分离效率更好的流动相梯度变化程序。     

Effect of Rainfall Regime and Slope on Runoff in a Gullied Loess Region on the Loess Plateau in China

Runoff was measured from seven plots with different slopes nested in Tuanshangou catchment on the Loess Plateau to study effect of slopes on runoff in relation to rainfall regimes. Based on nine years of field observation and K-mean clusters, 84 rainfall events were grouped into three rainfall regimes. Rainfall regime A is the group of events with strong rainfall intensity, high frequency, and short duration. Rainfall regime C consists of events with low intensity, long duration, and infrequent occurrence. Rainfall regime B is the aggregation of events of medium intensity and medium duration, and less frequent occurrence. The following results were found: (1) Different from traditional studies, runoff coefficient neither decreased nor increased, but presented peak value on the slope surfaces; (2) For individual plot, runoff coefficients induced by rainfall regime A were the highest, and those induced by rainfall regime C were the lowest; Downslope, the runoff coefficients induced by three rainfall regimes presented the same changing trend, although the peak value induced by regime A occurred on a shorter slope length compared to those by regime B and C; (3) Scale effect on runoff induced by rainfall regime A was the least, and that induced by rainfall regime C was the largest. These results can be explained by the interactions of crusting, soil moisture content, slope length and gradient, and erosion units, etc., in the context of different rainfall regimes.     

流动人口居留意愿的梯度变动与影响机制

随着城乡利益格局的变化,新生代流动人口的居留意愿呈现出新的特征,其变动与城市类型密切相关。利用调查数据进行分析,发现新生代流动人口的居留意愿表现出随流入地的城市类型而梯度变动的特征,即呈现出在大城市的居留意愿强,中小城市的流动性强和特大城市的返乡意愿强的特征,大城市是新生代流动人口实现留城理想与个人发展最佳的平台。但是总的来说,新生代流动人口的流动行为与第一代流动人口同中存异,没有出现根本性的改变。利用多层模型,对新生代流动人口居留意愿的影响机制进行了实证分析,发现城市类型、经济收入、社会融入与身份认同、家庭迁居、户籍可获得性是影响居留意愿的重要因素。此外,户籍可获得性与新生代流动人口身份认同交互作用显著的影响了新生代流动人口的居留意愿,并进一步增强了居留意愿在不同城市类型的差异。这体现出户籍制度对流动者的影响逐步由早期的福利隔绝向心理隔绝转变。对不同城市类型新生代流动人口居留意愿的差异进行量化分析发现,特大城市和大城市流动者的居留意愿呈现刚性,而超大城市和中小城市流动者居留意愿具有弹性。根据上述分析提出政策建议:将大城市作为吸纳流动人口的主导区域构建城市发展规划策略,发挥特大城市和大城市的集聚效应,促进区域的产业发展;在城市社区建设和城市文明建设方面,为流动人口与城市居民的相互融合提供政策支持;依托政府、社会组织与学校,提升新生代流动人口的人力资本。     

Metagenomic assessment of the microbial diversity in ground pork products from markets in the North Central Region of South Korea

The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial community in ground pork using molecular approaches. Forty six ground pork products were purchased from local stores in the north central area of South Korea. Aerobic plate counts varied 4.23 ± 5.14 × 10⁵ CFU/g with the range between 5.00 × 10³ and 1.85 × 10⁶ CFU/g for ground pork samples. Four ground meat samples were further processed for metagenomic analysis. Pseudomonas species was the most relative abundant with a wide range occurring (1.72 to 77.7%) as part of the microbial genera in ground pork. Bacteria such as Carnobacterium, Yersinia, Photobacterium were also identified in ground pork. Despite the prominence of certain genera across all samples there was still extensive microbial diversity among ground pork products that originated from different slaughter houses and were processed in different markets. Such diversity indicates that designing interventions to extend shelf life may be hampered by the extensive variability in the microbial consortia associated with pork products. However, this diversity may be useful for developing microbial traceability signatures unique to a slaughter house or a particular market.