好氧反硝化菌株的鉴定及其反硝化特性研究

从活性污泥中分离得到1株好氧反硝化细菌C3,并对其反硝化能力进行了研究.结果表明,C3菌株在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸盐氮,其脱氮率可达90％以上.通过对该菌株的形态观察,生理生化实验以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定菌株C3为假单胞菌（Pseudomonassp.）,同时分析了其在系统发育中的分类地位.对菌株C3的生态影响因子研究表明,其反硝化最适宜的温度和pH值分别为30℃和7.0.和其他已报道的好氧反硝化菌相比,C3菌株有着更高的氧耐受浓度.C/N对菌株C3的好氧反硝化能力有很大影响,其最适宜的碳氮比是在5.5～6.0,在此区间能进行完全的反硝化.     

低温反硝化菌——施氏假单胞菌N3的筛选及脱氮性能

通过微生物连续富集分离,筛选得到1株低温下具有反硝化能力的细菌N3,鉴定为施氏假单胞菌,并对其脱氮性能进行研究.结果表明,N3在C/N=8,硝酸盐负荷为70 mg·L~(-1)时,能实现硝酸盐的完全去除.此外,N3对低温具有良好的适应性.在C/N=8,4℃条件下,36 h内即可将15 mg·L~(-1)硝酸盐完全去除;反硝化基因nar G和nir S的表达与30℃下的表达量处于同一个数量级,能够高效表达.利用聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)和海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)对N3进行固定化,在10℃下考察固定化N3长期运行的稳定性.结果表明,固定化N3能够在3 d内将15 mg·L~(-1)的硝酸盐完全去除,且连续运行54 d后仍保持良好的稳定性和去除效果.菌株N3具有的高效反硝化脱氮及低温适应性表明其在冬季硝酸盐水体脱氮方面具有良好的应用潜力.     

Impact of invasive plant and environmental conditions on denitrification potential in urban riparian ecosystems

One of the most serious problems involved in riparian restoration is the proliferation of invasive plants during or after a restoration project. Although many studies have assessed ecological influences of invasive plants, life history in particular, only a few have clarified the functional consequences of such changes. In this study, we aimed to determine the influences of an invasive plant, Humulus japonicus, and environmental conditions on riparian ecosystem functions, focusing on denitrification. Soil samples from five riparian ecosystems in Korea were collected on four occasions over a one-year period, and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured using an acetylene blocking method. DEA varied between 2.5 and>7000 ng N₂O g^?1 soil h^?1. Overall results suggest that DEA was fairly high in winter, but the influences of H. japonicus were minimal. The results suggest that water availability may be a more dominant controlling variable than the presence of H. japonicus for DEA.     

稻田土壤不同水分条件下硝化/反硝化作用及其功能微生物的变化特征

以湖南桃源县一长期种植水稻的酸性土壤为研究对象,在微宇宙培养条件下设置了4个水分梯度处理,分别为田间持水量(water holding capacity,WHC)的30%、60%、90%和淹水2 cm深.考察了水分条件变化对硝化和反硝化作用影响,并结合定量PCR和限制性末端片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术研究了硝化-反硝化微生物的响应特征.结果表明,30%WHC处理土壤无明显的硝化和反硝化作用发生,硝化作用主要发生于60%WHC和90%WHC处理土壤,90%WHC处理土壤硝化作用明显强于60%WHC,并检测到明显的N2O释放,表明该水分条件可能发生了硝化-反硝化耦合作用.淹水处理土壤氧化还原势Eh显著低于非淹水处理土壤,无明显的硝化作用发生,但能检测到N2O释放且释放量小于90%WHC处理土壤.除培养初期(7 d)外,反硝化功能基因nirS和nirK,以及氨氧化细菌(AOB)amoA基因的丰度先随着水分增加而增加,并在淹水处理中小幅下降,三者之间呈明显的正相关关系,且AOB amoA、nirS和nirK基因丰度均在90%WHC处理中最高,与该处理中硝化和反硝化活性最高相一致.T-RFLP结果表明,培养2周后,nirS基因为代表的反硝化微生物群落组成对水分梯度变化产生明显响应,Eh和含水率Cw是影响其群落组成的主要因子.