可靠性强化试验技术在家电产品研发阶段中的应用

本文简要介绍了可靠性强化试验技术原理与特点,总结了可靠性强化试验技术在家电产品研发阶段中的应用方法,详细阐述了可靠性强化试验过程和试验剖面特点；给出了部分产品实施可靠性强化试验的结果与实施经验,论述了如何在家电产品中经济高效地实施可靠性强化试验技术.     

煤矿区破坏土地复垦模式研究——以鹤岗市益新煤矿为例

以益新煤矿为例,针对矿区拟破坏的土地,综合考虑研究区自然、社会经济条件、政策法规、公众意愿、土地适宜性等因素,对比已复垦土地的利用方向,参照其他矿业城市采煤塌陷地的复垦利用模式,提出适合于研究区域的土地复垦模式,主要包括农用生态园模式、建设用地模式、矿山公园模式.     

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Abstract

Sustainable development, a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust, has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models. However, the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate. On the one hand, differing from traditional economic developmental models, economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development’. On the other hand, current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development. Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries. Lastly, instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental- protection policies, it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development’.     

Logic of Citizen Participation in Sustainable Development

Sustainable development, a concept which has been built with the sustainability of economic progression as a main thrust, has been a widely preferred model to traditional developmental models. However, the real meaning of what sustainable development is and should include has been an object of debate. On the one hand, differing from traditional economic developmental models, economic progress does not necessitate the practice of ‘sustainable development＇. On the other hand, current levels of science and technology are still unable to solve several problems that arise with economic development. Sustainable development has transferred the responsibility of environmental destruction to that of developing countries. Lastly, instead of utilizing the best technology and leadership into formulating excellent environmental-protection policies, it is more important to create widespread awareness to the public on the need to protect the environment and thereby engage their participation in decision-making to actually realize what is truly ‘sustainable development＇.     

C/N ratio and fossil pigments in sediments ofsome Estonian lakes: an evidence of human impact andHolocene environmental change

The content of carbon (C), nitrogen(N), fossil carotenoids (TC) and chlorophyllderivatives (CD) in the sediments of five Estonianlakes was analysed. Historical records of man-inducedchanges on catchments were used for the interpretationof the obtained data. On the basis of the C/N ratiosit was estimated that the planktonic matter formed ca.25% (C/N ratio 24) to 90% (C/N ratio 8) of theorganic pool matter of lake sediments. In eutrophicLake Ruusmäe the fraction of the phytoplanktonproduced in lakes was highest, amounting toapproximately 80–95% of the deposited organic matter.Remarkable C/N changes were noted in the sedimentsfrom lakes Matsimäe and Viitna, where the contentof planktonic matter has increased during lastdecades, reflecting an increase in recreationalactivity around these lakes. The variations in pigmentconcentrations in the sediments of lakes Matsimäeand Ruusmäe could be explained by changes in theland-use that have altered the intensity of primaryproduction and conditions of TC and CD degradationbefore the final burial.     

Analytical discussions on species extinction in competitive communities due to habitat destruction

An improvement of a metapopulation model is developed and used to analyze the behaviors of abundant and extinct species in the system analytically. By approximating the direct effect rate of habitat destructions on individual species using differentiable functions, the model enables us to discuss the equilibrium and stability of the system. Special cases of the habitat destruction functions, constant, piecewise linear, exponential and periodic functions, are discussed analytically and numerically. The conditions for system stability are also given.     

试论环境保护与农业可持续发展

本文从分析环境污染对农业生态的破坏入手,阐述了保护生态环境与实现农业可持续发展的关系,提出了发展生态农业的建议。     

安徽"两山一湖"地区的旅游生态破坏和视觉污染问题

阐述了“两山一湖”地区在安徽省旅游中的重要地位,重点讨论了“两山一湖”地区的旅游生态破坏和视觉污染问题。     

The Effects of SO2 Pollutant on Forest Tree Needles at Mountainous Land around Izmir (Turkey)

Around the city of Izmir, Yamanlar – Manisa (north) Karabelen (south) andKemalpasa mountainous areas exist. The forested area in total covers 122,613.5 ha on these mountainous areas. This forested area has 6,146,387 m³ of wood potential. Industrial complex surroundingthe Aliaga, and thermo-electric power plants working with lignitecoal in the Soma region and some other small industrial establishmentsare located around Izmir and Manisa. These establishements have a vital importance in polluting the air. The forest, which suffers especially from SO₂ pollution, consists of Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra. Sulphur contents in 1, 2, 3 yr old needles of the trees were determined to range between 2000–8000 ppm. Microscopic investigation of the tree needles revealed that black blights on the needles indicate destruction of the cells. Annual ring thickness of trees measured showed that there has been a reduction in the forest growth and thisreduction is becoming more serious each year. Reduction in the wood production causes hundreds of billions of Turkish lira of economic loss to the Forestry Administration. It has been concluded at the end of this study that in order to stop theharm that the forests suffer, industrial establishments must pay an `ecological costs' to be added to their product cost items.     

农村生态环境破坏机理初探

农村生态环境的破坏已成为制约我国农村经济健康发展的因素之一。在概述我国农村生态环境主要问题的基础上，着重分析了导致生态环境恶化的原因，主要包括工业污染、农业污染、政府行为、城市化建设、农民的环境意识淡薄、环保基础设施薄弱等，并提出了相应的对策。