DEHP与OVA联合染毒对小鼠肺功能和肺部IL-17表达的作用

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(di-(2-ehtylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)在单独染毒和与卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒条件下对小鼠气道的影响及其相关机制,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为:未处理对照组(生理盐水组)、DEHP染毒组、OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA联合染毒组(DEHP+ OVA),每组雄性Balb/c小鼠6只.用OVA致敏加激发的方式制作小鼠哮喘模型.DEHP染毒组每天给予10 mg·kg-1 DEHP灌胃,连续54 d.OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA染毒组小鼠均在第54～60 d(共计1周)进行1％ OVA雾化(30 min·d-1),每日1次,诱发哮喘.第60 d进行以下操作:肺功能测试,肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)样品收集和肺组织中的Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)含量的测定.结果显示,与DEHP染毒组相比,DEHP与OVA联合染毒组小鼠BALF的IL-17A显著增加(p＜0.05),肺功能降低(p＜0.05),气道重塑,肺部细胞浸润明显.提示DEHP对小鼠哮喘模型佐剂作用的分子机制可能涉及IL-17的介导作用.     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的好氧生物降解及生化途径

从红树林底泥中驯化富集培养分离得到的苯二甲酸酯类化合物的降解菌。对此菌株进行了16S rDNA分子生物学的鉴定,并研究了该菌对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的生物降解特性以及生物降解途径。实验得出该菌能够在邻苯二甲酸甲酯作为唯一碳源和能源的培养基中生长。邻苯二甲酸二甲酯能够在好氧条件下被快速降解,浓度为50 mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯在5d内可以完全被降解。用高效液相色谱检测降解过程,主要的中间产物为邻苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMP)和邻苯二甲酸(PA)。试验结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯能够被红树林环境中的微生物降解,而且分离得到的菌株Rhodococcus rubber1k对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯具有高效的降解作用。     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions

• DBP adsorption was tested using three kinds of substrates in constructed wetlands. • The DBP adsorption capacity followed the order: steel slag>gravel>shell sand. • High temperatures increased the DBP adsorption capacity in the substrates. • DOM consistently inhibited the DBP adsorption onto steel slag and gravel. In recent years, the presence and adverse impacts of phthalic acid esters in aquatic environments have gained increasing attention. This work investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical phthalic acid ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), onto steel slag, gravel, and shell sand (substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands). The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on DBP adsorption was investigated using humic acid as a proxy for DOM. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of DBP to three substrates reached equilibrium within 96 h, and the adsorption kinetics were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The DBP adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model. The DBP adsorption capacity decreased in the order of steel slag>gravel>shell sand, with values of 656 mg/kg, 598 mg/kg, and 6.62 mg/kg at 25°C, respectively. DBP adsorbed to the surface of all substrates in a monolayer via an endothermic process. The DBP adsorption capacities of steel slag and gravel decreased as the DOM content increased. The DBP adsorption mechanisms to steel slag and gravel mainly involved the surface coordination of DBP with –OH or –COOH groups and electrostatic interactions. The results of this work suggest that steel slag and gravel may be ideal substrates for use in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater polluted with DBP.     

CTMAB／SDS改性沸石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯吸附机制

以季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS对粉末状天然沸石进行复合改性,制备得到了CTMAB／SDS改性沸石。对改性沸石及天然沸石进行红外吸收光谱及XRD衍射表征,并研究了PAEs在天然沸石和CT-MAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附机制。结果表明,阴阳离子表面活性剂没有对层状结构的键型造成较大的影响;PAEs在天然沸石和CTMAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附更符合表面吸附一分配作用复合模型;PAEs的表面吸附和分配作用对吸附作用的贡献主要受吸附剂中有机质含量及吸附物质大小、极性及溶解度的影响。     

Trace phthalate and adipate esters contaminated in packaged food

A method for trace analysis of two plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), contaminated in packaged curry paste were investigated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Curry paste samples were extracted by ultrasonic and solid phase extraction using Florisil® cartridge. Analysis by the GC-FID system provided limits of detection for DEHA and DEHP at 12 and 25 μ g L^{? 1} and a linear dynamic range between 25 μ g L^{? 1} to 60 mg L^{? 1} with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. High recoveries were obtained, ranged from 91 to 99% and 88 to 98% for DEHP and DEHA with RSD lower than 7 and 10% respectively. The method detection limit and limits of quantitation were ranged from 27 to 30 and 90 to 100 μ g L^{? 1}. The analysis of curry paste samples showed concentrations of DEHP and DEHA in the range of 4.0 ng g^{? 1} to 0.61 μg g^{? 1}.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水中的生物降解及其颗粒物界面效应

主要研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水体中的生物降解过程和颗粒界面作用对生物降解的加速作用。根据均相和非均相水环境中ＤＢＰ的生物降解模拟实验和理论推导，得出低浓度ＤＢＰ的降解速率与颗粒物浓度可以近似用线性关系表示，并用效应因子表示颗粒物对生物降解速率的影响。     

高效液相色谱法测定增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的方法研究

塑胶制品厂废气排放中，把增塑邻苯二甲酯经二氯甲烷吸收浓缩后，采用ODS柱C18分离，由此外检测器检定。当采气体积为40L时，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的最低检出限可达0．05mg／m^3。     

典型覆膜作物土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯污染的初步研究

对青岛市典型覆膜作物花生和棉花土壤进行调查采集,利用高效液相色谱法分析了土壤中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)4种优控的邻苯二甲酸酯化合物。结果表明,覆膜花生和棉花土壤中4种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物的总含量分别为33.36 mg/kg和25.59 mg/kg,DEHP分别占2种土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯总量的63.89%和59.43%。DEHP和DBP在所有土壤样品中均被检出,覆膜花生土壤中含量较高。按照美国土壤控制标准,4种邻苯二甲酸酯化合物均存在不同程度的超标,所有样品DBP的超标倍数均在110以上,甚至超过治理标准,表明覆膜土壤在一定程度上已经受到邻苯二甲酸酯污染。     

胃肠模拟体外法的生理参数对室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯与磷系阻燃剂的生物有效性的影响

室内灰尘吞食暴露是邻苯二甲酸酯与磷系阻燃剂的主要暴露途径,测定室内灰尘中该类有机污染物的生物有效性对其暴露风险评价至关重要.本研究选择胃肠模拟体外方法-生理原理提取法(PBET)法测定室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(Butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)和三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,TCEP)的生物有效性.研究了PBET法中胆盐含量、模拟肠液p H值、液固比及同时摄入奶粉等生理参数对生物有效性的影响.结果表明,4种有机污染物的生物有效性从1.5%(DEHP)到52%(TCEP),随污染物辛醇水分配系数的增加而降低.随着模拟液胆盐含量增加,DBP、BBP与DEHP的生物有效性逐渐增加,并在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后趋于平稳.TCEP由于其较好的水溶性,生物有效性并未随着胆盐含量的增加而明显变化.奶粉含量的增加则显著增加了DBP、BBP、DEHP和TCEP的生物有效性,在10 g·L~(-1)附近达到最大值后普遍呈现下降趋势.随着液固比的增加,DBP和DEHP的生物有效性显著提升,然而BBP与TCEP的生物有效性却未发生明显改变.在p H 6~8范围内,均未对4种有机物的生物有效性产生显著影响.