GC-MS法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯（包括邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯,邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯,邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯）,优化了试验条件。GC-MS选择SIM扫描方式,外标法定量,定性定量准确,线性响应良好,干扰小。邻苯二甲酸酯的方法检出限为0.002 mg/L-0.03 mg/L,平均加标回收率在94.2%-110%之间,RSD在0.4%-6.3%之间。     

水环境中的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物及其环境行为研究

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类普遍使用的有机化合物质,主要用于聚氯乙烯的增塑剂,目前在水环境中已经大量存在,由于其具有致癌、致畸和致突变性,引起广泛的关注。已有研究表明,邻苯二甲酸酯环境内分泌于扰物,对人类和自然环境有非常大的危害。文章主要对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物在水环境中的污染现状以及水环境行为的研究现状进行了综述,进入水环境的邻苯二甲酸酯主要是在水体中发生相应的迁移转化,邻苯二甲酸酯能够在水环境中发生生物降解、吸附、水解和光解等环境行为。最后对邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对蚕豆幼苗茎和叶POD活性和MDA含量的影响

为了初步研究邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(Di-(2-ethylhexy)phthalate,DEHP)对植物幼苗的氧化损伤作用,采用不同浓度(0.2、2、20、200mg·kg-1(细沙))DEHP对蚕豆的根部染毒,分析了DEHP对蚕豆幼苗茎、叶中的过氧化物酶(POD)及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,处理7d后,随DEHP浓度的升高,蚕豆幼苗茎、叶POD活性均呈先升高后降低趋势,较高浓度组(茎:≥2mg·kg-1;叶:≥20mg·kg-1)与对照组差异显著(p<0.05);MDA含量均呈逐渐升高趋势,较高浓度组(≥2mg·kg-1)与对照组差异显著(p<0.05或p<0.01).以上结果表明,DEHP可造成蚕豆幼苗氧化损伤.     

中国室内和室外灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的分布和健康风险评价

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类内分泌干扰物,作为塑料添加剂被大量生产和使用,其环境污染和风险评价已成为当今关注的焦点。对中国各地区88个室内灰尘样品和86个室外灰尘样品进行了调查,发现邻苯二甲酸酯在两类灰尘中广泛存在,10种邻苯二甲酸酯的总浓度分别为9.60~4 130μg·g~(-1)dw和0.102~1 430μg·g~(-1)dw,且室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯含量高于室外灰尘。研究还表明,不同地区的邻苯二甲酸酯含量差异很大,但邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(Di BP)在各地区都是主要组分,三者总量占总PAEs的95%以上。估算了成人和儿童每天通过灰尘摄入DEHP、Dn BP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的总量分别为5.32×10~(-2)~1.81、2.21×10~(-2)~0.595、1.90×10~(-4)~5.62×10~(-3)μg·kg~(-1)bw·d~(-1)和1.20~8.32、0.704~3.47、4.48×10~(-3)~2.43×10~(-2)μg·kg~(-1)bw·d~(-1);灰尘中DEHP对成人和儿童的致癌风险(R)分别为7.45×10-7~2.53×10-6和1.68×10-5~1.16×10~(-4)。上述研究结果为进一步评价该类物质健康风险提供科学依据和基础资料。     

Chronic mixture toxicity study of Clophen A60 and diethyl phthalate in male rats

Chemical mixtures are an important area of research as individuals are exposed to low doses of persistent chemical agents known as environmental pollutants throughout their life time. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that could be present in the same environmental compartment; hence organisms may get simultaneously exposed to both. Therefore, a study was undertaken to see whether PCB and DEP together show interactive chronic mixture toxicity in male Wistar rats. Healthy male Wistar rats weighing 70–100?g were randomly assigned to four groups of six each. Control rats were fed on normal diet and water ad libitum. Oil control rats were maintained on a normal diet mixed with corn oil. Rats were given Clophen A60 (PCB) and DEP dissolved individually in corn oil mixed with the diet at 50?mg?kg^?1 of the diet/day, as well as a mixture in corn oil mixed with the diet both at 50?mg?kg^?1 of the diet/day. After 150 days of treatment animals were sacrificed and enzymes and other biochemical parameters in the serum and liver were assessed. Liver weight to body weight ratio showed a significant increase in Clophen A60 and in Clophen A60?+?DEP treated rats. In the DEP, Clophen A60 and Clophen A60?+?DEP treated groups there was significant increase in liver and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly increased in the liver and serum of DEP treated rats only. Cholesterol levels were significantly increased only in the serum and the liver of DEP treated rats. Triglyceride levels were significantly increased in the serum of treated rats and only in the liver of Clophen A60 and Clophen A60?+?DEP treated rats. Liver glycogen levels were significantly increased in DEP and Clophen A60?+?DEP treated rats. In all treated animals, there was a significant decrease in liver glutathione reductase (GR). Histology of liver showed severe vacuolations, fatty degeneration and loss of hepatic architecture in Clophen A60 and Clophen A60?+?DEP treated rats, whereas in DEP treated rats only loss of hepatic architecture and granular deposits in the hepatocytes was predominant with mild vacuolations of centrilobular and periportal area. It is evident from this study of mixture toxicity of Clophen A60 and DEP that there is no significantly enhanced toxicity due to the interaction of these two compounds. On the other hand, to some extent there is alleviation in toxicity as evidenced by enzyme ACP and AST levels in the liver. The hepatocellular damage and biliary congestion caused by these two compounds, which can be confirmed by significantly increased liver weights and elevated serum and liver enzyme levels as well as histology, was almost the same between individual and mixture treated group.     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响

研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)暴露对小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤和对小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响.24只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别暴露于0,50,250,1250mg/kg的BBP,经口灌胃染毒14d.染毒期间同时进行Morris水迷宫实验,以检测小鼠的学习与记忆能力的改变.实验进行第15d,处死实验动物,取出脑、肝、肾组织,检测ROS水平及MDA和GSH含量.实验结果显示,1250mg/kg浓度BBP染毒组小鼠的学习和记忆能力与对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05);随着BBP染毒浓度的升高,小鼠脑、肝、肾组织中的ROS水平、MDA含量逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低;且在1250mg/kg浓度时与对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05).BBP的暴露可以影响小鼠学习与记忆能力,并对其脑、肝、肾组织产生氧化损伤.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对蚕豆胚根细胞微核形成的影响及毒理机制

研究常用增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)对农作物生长的影响,为农用地膜及其残留物的环境安全性评估提供实验依据。以蚕豆为试材,DBP处理浓度为0(CK)、9 mmol·L-1、18 mmol·L-1、27 mmol·L-1和36 mmol·L-1,培养24 h、48 h和72 h后,观测根尖细胞染色体结构变化,测试胚根抗氧化酶活性。结果显示:DBP暴露的蚕豆胚根生长速率减缓;随着DBP暴露时间延长,根尖正在进行分裂的细胞被阻断在有丝分裂前期的比例增加,微核率升高,出现多种类型的染色体畸变;DBP暴露的胚根超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性提高5.41%~29.68%,过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性随DBP浓度增加而递减,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性显著降低14.00%~43.08%。结果表明,DBP对蚕豆胚根具有遗传毒性,且能够破坏纺锤丝的结构。     

Di (2-ethylhesyl)(DEHP)和Monoethylphthalate(MEHP)长期暴露对海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)内分泌干扰效应的评价

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯(MEHP)长期暴露对海水生物的内分泌干扰效应及机制,将孵化后1周的海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)分别暴露于DEHP(0.1 mg·L^-1和0.5 mg·L^-1)和MEHP(0.1 mg·L^-1和0.5 mg·L^-1)6个月。结果显示：DEHP显著增加了雌性和雄性海洋青鳉的肝指数,而MEHP只在高剂量时显著增加雄性青鳉的肝指数。对于雌性青鳉,DEHP暴露后肝脏雌激素相关基因ERα、ERβ、ERγ、VTG1、VTG2、ChgH和ChgL的表达水平显著上调,而对于雄性青鳉,DEHP暴露后,只有肝脏ERβ的表达水平显著上调。相比之下,MEHP暴露对雌性和雄性青鳉肝VTG和Chg基因表达无显著影响。DEHP激活了雌性和雄性青鳉的肝过氧化物增殖激活受体PPARα和PPARγ,而MEHP只在低剂量时上调了雄性青鳉PPARγ的表达。在雌性和雄性青鳉体内,VTG和Chg的表达与ERα和ERγ的表达显著相关,并且ER与PPAR也显著相关。研究表明,DEHP长期暴露可通过激活肝性激素受体调控肝雌激素响应基因(VTG和Chg)和过氧化物增殖激活受体(PPARα和PPARγ)的表达而对海洋青鳉产生内分泌干扰效应,并且显示出性别特异性。MEHP对海洋青鳉的内分泌干扰效应弱于DEHP。     

自固定化技术强化高效菌种活性的保持

以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（ＤＭＰ）为唯一碳源驯化ＤＭＰ降解菌,并将其接种到复合式完全混合反应器中以处理ＤＭＰ和葡萄糖人工配水．进水ＣＯＤ负荷约１．０ｇ／（Ｌ·ｄ）,逐渐提高葡萄糖浓度（０～６００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）,同时降低ＤＭＰ浓度（３００～０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ）,分别测试附着相和悬浮相菌种降解ＤＭＰ活性的变化．结果表明：反应器ＣＯＤ去除率均达９０％ 以上,葡萄糖引入后,悬浮相菌种降解ＤＭＰ比耗氧速率迅速降低,由４９．５降至４．０ｍ ｇ／（ｇ·ｈ）,而附着相菌种则逐渐变化,由６４．１降至４８．０ｍ ｇ／（ｇ·ｈ）．镜检结果表明：葡萄糖引入后,悬浮相菌种中丝状菌大量出现,而附着相菌种则几乎未出现丝状菌．由此可见,在基质变化后由吸附在陶粒载体上引起的自固定化能够强化菌种的高效降解活性．     

水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的预富集

首次采用国产新型Ｄ４０２０大孔吸附树脂吸附水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,结果表明,Ｄ４０２０树脂具有吸附速度快,吸附容量大,省时,费用低,操作简便等优点,用自制的下班富集柱研究了各因素对吸附率及洗脱率的影响,柱长,流速,ＰＨ值及洗脱速率影响显著。