Portuguese inventory of dioxins and furans atmospheric emissions

This article presents the results of the most recent estimation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) atmospheric emissions in Portugal, which has covered the period 2004–2009 and includes 27 emission sources types. The results are compared with previous emissions inventories published for Portugal. The main objective of this work is to provide relevant information about the amounts of the compounds that are released into the atmosphere in Portugal, and identify their major sources and trends.     

Non-market valuation of off-highway vehicle recreation in Larimer County, Colorado: Implications of trail closures

Few economic studies are available to measure off-highway vehicle recreation benefits foregone when trails must be closed to protect the environment. This paper estimates the non-market benefits associated with off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation on National Forest lands in Larimer County, Colorado. We use a contingent valuation model (CVM) to estimate benefits to OHV users, which includes dirt bike riders, all terrain vehicle (ATV) riders, and 4-wheel drive (4 × 4) users. Using CVM we find the mean consumer surplus estimates to be $78 per person per day. These results are consistent with the few previous estimates of OHV recreation benefits. This equates to a per trail per summer consumer surplus of at least between $219,467 and $296,876, and a county level surplus per summer to be at least between $796,447 and $1,077,367. These benefits can be compared to environmental costs to obtain a more complete picture of the effects of trail closure, as well as the negative spillovers to non-motorized users.     

机动车辆火灾调查

近年来,机动车遍布全国各大城市,已成为移动的建筑,随之而来的机动车辆火灾事故频发,载客车辆因人员高度密集造成群死群伤;载货车辆因货物集中或运载危险品造成重大损失,并引发交通堵塞、环境污染等次生灾害。本文主要介绍了机动车火灾的现场勘验和调查,通过现场勘验确定起火点,调查询问收集和发现证据等方面对机动车辆火灾进行研究,从中发现起火原因的规律和特点,采取有针对性的措施,有效地遏制和减少此类火灾发生,达到预防机动车辆火灾的目的。     

New energy policy and low-carbon society in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake

The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation’s scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.     

温室气体排放数据库系统设计与实现

以温度升高为主要特征的气候变化越来越影响到人类的可持续发展,温室气体排放系数的收集与整理对于该研究具有重要意义。文章在充分调研IPCC指南及相关排放系数文献的基础上,对温室气体排放系数进行采集与整理,其中对电力行业排放系数的收集细化到不同技术水平、煤质来源水平和区域水平,并在电力行业排放系数收集的基础上,对其他主要工业行业的温室气体排放系数进行收集,完成了数据库设计与建库工作。主要包括四类数据:"温室气体排放系数数据库"、"活动水平数据库"、"电力行业污染物排放数据库"、"元数据库"。在此基础上设计并开发了数据库软件系统,实现了对温室气体排放系数的统一管理与访问。经实际运行,证明该系统能有效管理温室气体排放系数数据,提供数据的分析应用,为温室气体核算和提高环境监管能力提供科学数据和支撑作用。     

多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究现状

分析了多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究意义,以及涉及到的4个主要技术问题——未知环境的搜索方法、环境地图建模、任务分配和路径规划的研究现状,指出多无人机协作监测研究的仿真平台、三维空间的监测技术及精确的模型是开展该项工作的重要研究方向。     

江苏省机动车排气污染监控体系探讨

机动车保有量的快速发展使得机动车排气污染已成为江苏省城市大气污染的重要来源。开展在用机动车排气污染的防治工作,建立切实有效的机动车排气污染监控体系刻不容缓。对江苏省机动车监控体系和保障体系的建设内容进行了探讨。     

Trends in vehicular emissions in China's mega cities from 1995 to 2005

Multiyear inventories of vehicular emissions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from 1995 through 2005 have been developed in this paper to study the vehicle emissions trends in China's mega cities during the past decade. The results show that the vehicular emissions of CO, HC, NO_x and PM₁₀ have begun to slow their growth rates and perhaps even to decline in recent years due to the implementation of measures to control vehicular emissions in these cities. However, vehicular CO₂ emissions have substantially increased and still continue to grow due to little fuel economy improvement. Passenger cars and large vehicles (including heavy duty trucks and buses) are the major sources of vehicular CO₂ and CO emissions while large vehicles were responsible for nearly 70% and 80% of the vehicular NO_x and PM₁₀ emissions in these mega cities. Motorcycles are also important contributors to vehicular emissions in Guangzhou and Shanghai.     

基于生物表面活性剂的柴油微乳体系构建与性能研究

以生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂（RL）为表面活性剂，中长碳链正构醇（正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇及正辛醇）为助表面活性剂，采用滴定法制备RL／柴油／正构醇／水柴油微乳体系，并考察了表面活性剂用量（Km）、助表面活性剂醇的种类及用量（δas）及离子强度对柴油微乳体系最大增溶水量（Wo）的影响，并对不同条件下获得的柴油微乳体系的运动粘度（μ）和表面张力（γ）进行了表征。通过荧光法测得RL在柴油中的临界胶束浓度CMC为7g／L。当生物表面活性剂与柴油的质量比Km为0．02，助表面活性剂选用正庚醇且醇与表面活性剂的质量比δgs为0．1，NaOH溶液质量分数为0．06％时，柴油微乳体系的肛和T较低，形。最大，性能较佳。     

论环境经济办法

一个好的经济政策应该是一个好的环境政策,反之亦然。这里所说的环境经济办法是一个全新的环境经济政策体系,它是由绿色税收、环境收费、绿色资本市场、生态补偿、排污权交易、绿色贸易、绿色保险等方面构成的。它们是市场经济的产物,与强制性环境政策相对应,两者共同构成一个比较完整的内在相通的政策体系。新的环境政策体系的理论基础是环境价值观、价值规律和价格形成机制。