基于CFD的内构件强化内循环流化床流场结构分析

针对流化床内部流体结构的复杂性和缺乏有效放大设计理论的问题,以漏斗型导流内构件强化的内循环流化床的气液运动为研究对象,利用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型构建了能描述其复杂流动的CFD数学模型,通过宏观流场、气含率分布、液体速度分布解析内构件对气液混合传质的作用原理.数值模拟结果表明:双流体模型能较好地揭示流化床内气液流场结构,流...     

猪粪秸秆高温堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征与堆肥周期探讨

将猪粪与秸秆以7：1（质量比,以鲜重计）的比例,在自制的强制通风静态堆肥反应箱中进行高温堆肥试验,研究了堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征及其腐熟时间.同时,在堆制的23d中,根据堆温变化采样6次,分析了堆肥样品中各种氮素和碳素含量及其它性质的变化情况.结果表明：堆肥结束时,硝态氮含量增加了103.0%,铵态氮、有机氮、总氮含量分...     

CFD技术在水处理紫外消毒中的应用

介绍了紫外消毒在水处理中应用的现状,阐述了计算流体力学(CFD)的基本原理及其应用背景;论述了CFD技术在紫外消毒模型建立方面的关键因素:水力、辐射和剂量模拟;从消毒效率预测和设备结构优化两个方面对CFD技术在水处理紫外消毒中的应用进行了分析,并对其前景进行了展望,提出了今后的研究重点。     

基于均匀分布的滑坡数值模拟参数取值概率研究--以甘肃黑方台黄土滑坡为例

针对数值模拟参数选取主观性强、量化难度大的问题,在高精度无人机地形数据的基础上,通过对11起滑坡案例进行了407组参数反演实验,对结果准确度定量评价后,得到基于Massflow数值软件关键参数λ0的分布范围,进而运用小样本极大似然估计理论,分析区间边界长度对反演精度的影响,最终提出基于均匀分布的参数取值概率模型,并选用案例验证该模型的准确性。结果表明:地形约束会导致反演过程中所需的内聚力减小,反演获得的11组最优λ0的极差和方差分别为0.29、0.01,在置信度为95%下,极大似然法得到区间边界估计长度仅为0.0998,表明参数λ收敛性较好;反演过程中质心滑动距离ψ准确度优于堆积面积重叠率η,在λ0±0.05的范围,参数估计区间内任意值对模拟误差影响较小,评价指标ψ、η与λ0对应案例的相对误差不超过15%;所选案例验证了在置信度为95%下,以反演得到的最优参数区间边界中点构建概率分布函数的可行性和准确性,研究方法可为单体滑坡数值模拟风险评价提供理论支撑。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

半干旱半湿润地区HSPF模型水文模拟及参数不确定性研究

本研究选取半干旱半湿润地区北京妫水河流域2005—2007年和2008年月径流数据为率定期和验证期,建立HSPF水文模型进行径流模拟,结合人工率定和PEST自动率定程序进行参数优选,并通过GLUE方法分析模型参数不确定性.通过Monte-Carlo随机采样得到30000组参数组合,分析参数与似然值散点图,把参数分为敏感参数(LZSN、AGWRC)、区间敏感参数(BASETP)和不敏感参数(AGWETP、INFILT、CEPSC、DEEPFR、UZSN、INTFW、IRC).针对比较敏感的参数LZSN、AGWRC和BASETP分析其相关性,发现LZSN和AGWRC相关性较强.模型存在大量"异参同效"现象,表明影响结果的是参数组合而不是单一参数.进一步计算90%置信度下的不确定性范围,发现不确定性范围与径流大小密切相关,径流愈大其不确定性范围愈大,反之亦然.本文对参数不确定的分析研究可为HSPF模型在区域尺度水文预测等提供参考和依据.     

L形和U形三维钝体结构绕流的数值模拟研究

采用大涡模型对L形和U形三维钝体建筑物的绕流特性和风压分布特性进行数值研究.考虑平均和脉动速度入口边界,在雷诺数为1.5×105～7×105条件下,对2种钝体的9种分析工况进行瞬态动力分析,并将计算结果与已有研究进行对比.研究表明,钝体绕流对周围流场影响的强弱程度依次为尾流区、屋顶区、来流区,影响大小随着流场与钝体之间...     

西安咸阳国际机场污水排放口潜在滑坡稳定性分析

对西安咸阳国际机场污水排放口潜在滑坡的工程地质勘察结果表明,该滑坡处于极限平衡状态。采用B ish-op法参数反演和直快剪试验结果,分别用二维、三维极限平衡法和二维、三维有限元法,对该滑坡进行稳定性计算。结果表明:有限元法(二维、三维)的计算结果偏大,二维极限平衡法的计算结果最小;极限平衡法(二维、三维)与二维有限元法宜选取试验结果的大值平均值,三维有限元法则取试验结果的小值平均值较为合理。最后,根据三维有限元法的计算结果,提出了削坡压脚的防护措施。     

Estimating Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis migration using a mass balance model expressed by hydrological distribution parameters in a major limpid river basin in Japan

We examined the influence of several hydrological and meteorological parameters on the migratory movements of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in central Japan. When comprehensively evaluating rivers and ayu behaviour on a catchment scale, the subjects of analysis typically include human activities and hydrological and meteorological phenomena. However, limiting analyses to such factors may be too restrictive when human activities are being conducted. Accordingly, we incorporated a biological viewpoint into the evaluation method, analysing hydrological data (river discharge, river water temperature, sea water temperature) to determine watershed characteristics and examining the relationship between these characteristics and the habitat conditions of ayu. Then we constructed a numerical model for ayu migratory runs that incorporated ayu ecology and watershed characteristics. Analyses of ayu movements from a lower estuarine dam demonstrated that downstream displacements were associated with high water flows of more than 200 m³ s⁻¹ at the beginning of summer. We conclude that it is important to consider the effects of environmental parameters on the movements of different fish species to understand the causes of spatial variation in fish distribution in lowland rivers.