高温分解及烟气净化处理电子垃圾的技术和设备

提出高温分解及烟气净化处理废弃电子垃圾的技术。通过喷水系统调节分解炉内气氛,控制有机物分解速度,使有机物裂解成二氧化碳和水蒸气,有害成份经净化系统再次处理后达到环保排放标准。金属部分可进一步进行提炼回收,实现有机物和金属的绿色分离。     

废弃电器电子产品POPs/PTS减排环境管理实践研究

全球环境基金(GEF)"通过环境无害化管理减少电器电子产品的生命周期内持久性有机污染物和持久性有毒化学品(POPs/PTS)的排放全额示范项目"湖北省作为项目示范省之一.三家废弃电器电子产品拆解企业,分别开展了废弃电器电子产品拆解技术示范、湿法废弃印刷电路板处置BAT/BEP技术示范、利用再生铅连续熔炼炉协同处置阴极射线管含铅锥玻璃项目技术示范.电子废弃物全自动化分类与拆解生产线,为电子废弃物绿色循环与资源化提供了示范模式.     

生态保护补偿政策能否促进企业高质量发展——来自黄河流域制造业的经验证据

黄河流域环境污染与高质量发展已成为当前国内关注的重要问题,我国为应对黄河流域生态恶化带来的挑战制定了一系列环保政策。本文立足生态补偿政策并构建准自然实验,以 2005-2019年黄河流域 A股制造业上市公司为研究对象,运用多期双重差分法实证检验生态保护补偿政策对黄河流域制造业高质量发展的影响。研究发现:生态保护补偿政策的实施促进了黄河流域制造业高质量发展水平的提高且存在明显的区域异质性和产权异质性,具体表现在对黄河流域上游和国有企业制造业高质量发展促进作用明显高于中下游地区和非国有企业。社会责任承担和政府补助增加是生态保护补偿政策推进黄河流域制造业高质量发展的重要方式,上述研究结论在经过 PSM-DID、更换被解释变量、安慰剂检验后仍然具有稳健性。研究全面考虑了生态保护补偿政策在流域内不同区域发挥作用的渠道,有利于充分发挥生态保护补偿政策在黄河流域生态治理和高质量发展中的功效。     

Catalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles toward hydrodechlorination: influence of catalyst electronic structure and nature of adsorption

In this study, stabilized Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles were successfully prepared in aqueous phase using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a capping agent. These metal nanoparticles were then tested for catalytic hydrodechlorination toward two classes of organochlorinated compounds (vinyl polychlorides including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and alkyl polychlorides including 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)) to determine the rate-limiting steps and to explore the reaction mechanisms. The surface area normalized reaction rate constant, k_SA, showed a systematic dependence on the electronic structure (the density of states at the Fermi level) of the metals, suggesting that adsorption of organochlorinated reactants on the metal catalyst surfaces is the rate-limiting step for catalytic hydrodechlorination. Hydrodechlorination rates of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1,1,2-TeCA agreed with the bond strength of the first (weakest) dissociated C-Cl bond, suggesting that C-Cl bond cleavage, which is the first step for dissociative adsorption of the alkyl polychlorides, controlled the catalytic hydrodechlorination rate. However, hydrodechlorination rates of TCE and PCE correlated with the adsorption energies of their molecular (non-dissociative) adsorption on the noble metals rather than with the first C-Cl bond strength, suggesting that molecular adsorption governs the reaction rate for hydrodechlorination of the vinyl polychlorides.     

典型电子废物中多溴联苯醚的模拟浸出释放特征

选取废旧打印机外壳为典型电子废物,以商用腐殖酸溶液为浸提剂,采用浸出试验,模拟研究了废旧打印机外壳中PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)在简易填埋或与生活垃圾共处置场景下,在不同废物粒径、浸提剂DOC浓度、pH、浸提时间和液固比下的浸出特征. 分别用索氏提取法和液液萃取法提取废旧打印机外壳及其浸出液中的PBDEs,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对11种PBDEs同系物的浓度进行定性、定量检测. 结果表明,废旧打印机外壳中BDE28、BDE47、BDE66、BDE85、BDE99、BDE100、BDE153、BDE154被检出,而在浸出液中仅有BDE28、BDE47、BDE66、BDE85、BDE99、BDE153被检出,∑₆PBDEs的浸出率仅为0.04%~0.44%;垃圾渗滤液和土壤溶液中DOM可以促进废旧打印机外壳中PBDEs的浸出,随着浸提剂ρ(DOC)的增大,PBDEs的浸出量增加;在酸性条件下PBDEs的浸出量低于在中性条件下的浸出量;随着浸出时间的延长,PBDEs的浸出量不断增加,但在试验设定的480h内,没有得到一个液固体系的平衡时间,可见废旧打印机外壳中PBDEs的浸出是一个缓慢释放的过程.      

电子废物管理体系研究

分析了欧盟、日本、美国等国家的电子废物管理体系主要特点,并介绍我国电子废物管理现状和主要措施,在此基础上归纳总结了当前电子废物管理存在的主要问题并提出相关建议。     

居民电子废物回收行为影响因素的实证研究

基于对350名城市居民的问卷调查结果,运用验证性因子分析方法对居民的电子废物回收行为、行为意向及其影响因素进行了实证研究.结果表明,基于计划行为理论所建立的结构方程模型可以较为有效地诠释有关研究假设,环境知识、舆论宣传和垃圾分类等情境因素对电子废物回收行为具有调节作用.知觉行为控制对于行为意向转化为行为具有非常重要地促进作用,而便利状况则是影响知觉行为控制的重要因素.     

Influence of manufacturing process on the residues of certain fungicides used on tea

Green tea shoots which were sprayed with fungicides such as hexaconazole, propiconazole, carbendazim, and tridemorph were collected from tea bushes after 24 h of fungicide application to study the effect of manufacturing process on the residues. Significant loss of residues was noted at each stage of the manufacturing process. The total loss in residues upon manufacturing of these fungicides ranged from 12.20% to 57.14%. Among the various influential factors that determine the loss of residues, vapor pressure of the fungicides was most prominent in the contribution to residue loss. A high vapor pressure of the fungicide tridemorph amounted to a residue loss of 57.14%, while the low vapor pressure of the other three fungicides caused a loss of less than 22.22%.     

Occupational exposure to airborne aromatic amines in rubber manufacturing: Determination by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Aromatic amines (AAs) are used in a variety of chemical industries and consequently they are the object of great attention in occupational hygiene owing to the carcinogenic effects that many of them have shown. This work outlines a procedure for the determination of occupational exposure to airborne AAs in the rubber industry and the application of this method in a tyre manufacturing plant using p‐phenylenediamines as antiozonants. Samples were collected on a glass fibre filter followed by a silica gel tube and analyzed by GC‐MS/SIM using a capillary column coated with methyl silicone. p‐Phenylendiamines and other AAs probably formed as thermodegradation products were found in concentrations of up to 10 μg/m³ during rubber vulcanization.     

Sustainability in manufacturing processes: practices performed in metal forming,casting, heat treatment,welding and electrostatic painting

ABSTRACT

This article aims to list the main sustainable practices developed in the processes of metal forming, casting, heat treatment, welding and electrostatic painting. When analysed the literature about sustainable manufacturing, a predominance of studies about machining is observed and the processes mentioned are few explored in academic studies. The research strategy used to reach the objective was systematic literature review, conducted for each process cited. Many sustainable practices were identified with prominence of better materials use and energy efficiency. The authors of this article believe that the information presented here can be useful for researches in their future studies and for industry professionals interested in improving manufacturing processes.