水源水中典型化学品突发污染的应急处理

针对被典型化学品双酚A(BPA)与邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)污染原水的应急处理工艺进行了研究.结果表明,活性炭吸附可有效去除双酚A和DEP.拟二级动力学模型和Elovich模型较好地描述粉末活性炭对原水中BPA和DEP的吸附过程.中试条件下,50 mg/L的粉末活性炭可分别将原水中浓度约为500 μg/L的双酚A和3.3 mg/L的DEP处理达标.炭砂滤柱对2种化学品的动态吸附表明,BPA和DEP的去除率受它们初始浓度的影响较小,在滤速为5.1～15.3 m/h的范围内BPA和DEP的去除率基本不受滤速的影响.当同时采用粉末活性炭和炭砂滤柱工艺时, PAC的吸附过程是去除污染的主要阶段,炭砂滤柱可以作为粉末活性炭的有效补充保证一定的安全系数.KMnO₄和Cl₂均不能氧化DEP,3 mg/L的KMnO₄和1.5 mg/L的Cl₂可几乎完全氧化水中浓度为850　μg/L的BPA,BPA的氯化产物和KMnO₄的氧化产物及其毒性有待于进一步研究.　1.5 mg/L高锰酸钾和PAC联用对去除DEP无协同作用,对去除BPA有促进作用.     

多目标规划在应急物流中的应用综述

为充分提高突发事件的应急救援效率,应急物流系统的建设至关重要。围绕应急物流系统,从应急物资管理、设施建立以及物流路径规划等方面入手开展相关研究工作的梳理和讨论,结果表明:目前相关研究受限于应急物流的应急体制建设不完善、多目标联系不紧密、信息化程度低、应急物资需求的动态性把握不准确等方面,而根据多目标规划方法提出的相应改进建议,能够实现救援线路最优化、救援时间最短化以及应急投入最小化等多个目标。     

含油污泥体膨颗粒调剖剂的研究

研究了利用含油污泥制备体膨颗粒深部调剖剂的技术。试验表明,在单体浓度20%、干泥含油率14%、污泥占单体质量110%、交联剂占单体质量0.14%、反应温度35℃条件下,聚合产物性能较好。胶块造粒过程中需加入适量减阻剂,粒度可根据实际要求调整。含油污泥体膨颗粒调剖剂在自来水中和0.5%NaCl水溶液中的膨胀倍数分别为40倍和15倍,膨胀后强度和弹性好。     

NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FOR DAIRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT1

ABSTRACT: A free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland was installed at a dairy in Glendale, Arizona, to study the potential of such a wetland to remove nitrogen (N) from wastewater. The study objectives were: (1) to determine N removal from the wastewater, and (2) to evaluate N accumulation in soil and plant tissues. The system consisted of eight cells (70 × 9 × 1.5 m) planted with Typha domingensis, Scirpus validus, and Phragmites australis. The four cells in series were lined with plastic, and the four cells in a parallel series were lined with clay. Cells received approximately 180 m³/d of partially treated dairy effluent. Plant tissues and soil samples were collected above and below ground from 24 locations during one year. Total N removal from wastewater was about 17 percent. Clay‐lined cells accumulated more N in the soil and less N in plant biomass compared with plastic lined cells. Plant biomass accounted for approximately 60 percent of total N accumulated in cells with dense plant communities. Ninety percent of accumulated soil N was organic. Total N accumulated in soil reached a maximum (1,100 mg/kg) eight months after the introduction of wastewater.     

Modelling ice and wax formation in a pipeline in the Arctic environment

In the Arctic environment, the fluid temperature in the pipeline can drop below the freezing point of water, which causes wax and ice to form on the pipeline surface. Solid formation on the pipeline surface can lead to flow assurance and process safety issues, such as blockage of the pipeline, pipeline component failure, and release of hazardous liquid. Remediating the plugging requires a shutdown of pipeline operation, which incurs tremendous cost and delays the entire production system. In order to prevent blockage, the pigging operation can be used to remove the deposits on the pipeline surface on a regular interval. Ice and wax depositions in the pipeline are a slow process. However, if the deposition grows too thick, pipeline blockage can still occur after pigging operation. So, ice and wax deposition rates are required to be estimated accurately. This paper investigates ice and wax deposition rates in a 90,000 m pipeline. A fundamental model for both ice and wax deposition is proposed using the first principles of heat and mass transfer.     

脱硫湿式球磨机堵磨原因分析及处理

湿磨系统在湿法脱硫中应用非常广泛，但也存在不少问题。分析了湿式球磨机运行电流下降、系统堵塞等堵磨现象产生的原因，探讨了湿磨系统堵磨后的处理方法。采取针对性的检修及运行措施，形成一套完整的方案，可以预防湿式球磨机堵磨事件发生，为湿式球磨机堵磨处理及预防提供了参考。     

饮用水源水无机金属污染的应急处理

根据密云水库供水现状，针对突发性无机金属污染事件，采用聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法进行应急处理。选用Cu2＋、Fe2＋、Zn2＋和Cd2＋ 4种金属离子为目标污染物，首先通过小试实验确立了最佳混凝处理条件。结果表明，调节pH值为8．0左右，可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Cu2＋浓度降至0．96mg／L和0．67mg／L；初始浓度为1．5mg／L和3mg／L的Fe2＋浓度降至0．27mg／L和0．24mg／L；初始浓度为0．05mg／L和0．1mg／L的Cd2＋浓度降为0．0089mg／L和0．0078mg／L；调节pH值为9．0时，可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Zn2＋浓度降至0．57mg／L和0．48mg／L。4种污染物出水浓度均低于国家饮用水标准。在小试基础上，在北京第九水厂开展无机金属污染处理的中试实验，结果表明所选用的聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法简便易行，可实现污染物快速、有效去除。     

气体快速定性技术在气态污染物突发性污染事故应急监测中的应用

介绍气体快速定性技术在气态污染物突发性污染事故应急监测中的应用.使用北川式无机气体定性检测管、有机气体定性检测管进行事故现场气体快速检测,简述上述检测管的使用技术及检测人员在事故现场应采取的防护措施.     

预氯化工艺去除水中氰化物、硫化物及水合肼等还原性污染物研究

以较常见的预氯化为技术手段,考察了预氯化工艺去除饮用水中氰化物、硫化物以及水合肼等还原性污染物的效果和影响因素.结果表明:(1)实验条件下氰化物浓度随有效氯投加量的增加而下降,并在有效氯投加量＞5.0 mg/L时降低到低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)中限值(0.05mg/L),在有效氯投加量＞6.0...     

油气管线带压不停输封堵技术在长庆油田的应用

长庆油田通过对管道不停输带压封堵施工技术的探索,在改扩建工程施工中取得了良好的效果。实践证明,与常规施工方法相比可有效缩短维护抢修作业工期20%～30%。它在油气田风险管理、事故预防、环境污染治理方面是积极安全有效的。