电镀废水中硫氰酸根离子含量的自动电位滴定

研究了用自动电位滴定测定硫氰酸根离子的条件和方法。实验结果表明,选用银电极为指示电极,217型双液接电极为参比电极,在硝酸介质中滴定硫氰酸根离子,方法具有高选择性; 应用于电镀废水分析,方法简便快捷,在4min内能打印出分析结果。     

纳米聚苯乙烯塑料对红霉素生物毒性效应的影响研究

微/纳米塑料（Micro/nano-plastic, MPs/NPs）和红霉素（ERM）是水环境中检出浓度较高新污染物,二者共存产生复合生态毒理风险.以大型溞为模式生物,研究不同老化程度的纳米聚苯乙烯塑料（PS）和ERM单独与联合暴露对浮游动物生长、繁殖、游泳等生态行为及相关蛋白和基因表达的影响.结果表明,PS和ERM能够显著影响大型溞生长、呼吸、氧化应激等多种生理行为,上调大型溞发育繁殖相关基因表达,下调抗氧化防御系统及解毒相关基因的表达.PS存在能够降低ERM对大型溞生殖、抗氧化系统和神经系统的毒性影响,增强大型溞生长发育毒性,且PS老化程度越高对ERM生物毒性的影响效果越显著.本研究为评估抗生素和纳米塑料共存污染对水生生物种群稳定和生态系统安全的影响提供数据支撑.     

硫氰酸根在粒状镁铝复合氧化物上的吸附性能

以镁铝水滑石(Mg/Al-LDH)为前驱物制备了粒状镁铝复合氧化物(G-Mg3.3AlO4.8),采用BET、XRD、SEM和FT-IR方法对其结构进行了表征,考察了这种新材料对硫氰酸根(SCN-)的吸附性能.G-Mg3.3AlO4.8的比表面积和平均孔径分别为269.4 m2.g-1和13.25 nm,成型造粒保留了层状结构且无新相生成.Freundlich等温式和准二级动力学方程能很好地描述SCN-在G-Mg3.3AlO4.8上的静态吸附过程,25℃初始浓度为500 mg.L-1时静态吸附量可达165.8 mg.g-1;Yoon-Nelson模型能很好地预测SCN-在G-Mg3.3AlO4.8上的穿透曲线,初始浓度100 mg.L-1、流速5 mL.min-1、床层高度10 cm和pH=6时穿透点吸附量可达50.73 mg.g-1,重复使用4次对SCN-的脱除率均保持在98%以上,是一种可重复利用的高效吸附剂.     

红霉素生产废水中微生物群落结构分析

采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳技术（PCR—DGGE）研究了序批式活性污泥法（SBR）处理红霉素生产废水过程中从厌氧处理阶段到好氧处理阶段的微生物群落结构变化，并对微生物群落的部分优势细菌进行了克隆测序和系统发育树分析。结果表明，微生物群落丰富度随SBR处理进程呈递增趋势；微生物群落的相似性在相邻的处理阶段间相对较高，相隔越远的处理阶段间则越低；6种优势菌的同源性均在95％以上，其中有4种细菌均为厌氧和好氧处理阶段的优势菌，有1种细菌仅为好氧处理阶段的优势菌。     

海水中的红霉素与营养盐对微藻的复合影响

大量的抗生素及其代谢产物最终会进入海洋,其对海洋生态系统的潜在威胁值得关注.研究了不同浓度的红霉素和营养盐对2种甲藻——米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和1种硅藻——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生物量、光合色素含量、蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,以此来探究海水中红霉素与营养盐限制是否会对微藻产生复合影响,评估不同的营养状态下红霉素对海洋生态的影响.结果表明,营养盐限制会降低米氏凯伦藻、东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻对红霉素的耐受限度.本实验范围内(0～1 000μg·L~(-1)),红霉素对米氏凯伦藻的生长无显著影响,高浓度的红霉素(≥100μg·L~(-1))会显著抑制东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻的生长,这3种微藻中中肋骨条藻对红霉素敏感性最高.     

Growth response and toxic effects of three antibiotics on Selenastrum capricornutum evaluated by photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll biosynthesis

The effects of three types of antibiotics (erythromycin,ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole) on the photosynthesis of freshwater algae,Selenastrum capricornutum Printz,were investigated by determining the growth rate,chloroplast pigments content,seven main precursors (including δ-aminolevulinic acid,porphobilinogen,uroporphyrinogen III,coproporphyrinogen III,protoporphyrin IX,Mg-proporphyrin IX and protochlorophyllide),and photosynthetic rate during chlorophyll biosynthesis.The antibiotics significantly decr...     

Determination of thiocyanate in the vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater

In acidic solution, thiocyanate molecules reacted with ferric ions to produce red complexes. The concentration of thiocyanate could be determined by spectrophotometer. The effects of wavelength, volume of color reagent, acidity and color time on absorbance were investigated. The interferences of co-existing ion were discussed as well. Results showed that the relation between absorbance and the concentration of thiocyanate was in accord with Beer's law when the concentration of thiocyanate was 2–20 mg/L. The linear regression equation was Absorbance = 0.0523Concentration–0.0156, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The average recovery rates of two kinds of vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater were 100.95% and 99.62%, and relative standard deviations were 0.79% and 0.14% respectively. It shows that the method was quick, high precision, accurate and easy to handle.     

Removement of thiocyanate from industrial wastewater by microwave-Fenton oxidation method

The microwave radiation oxidation process, Fenton as catalytic agent, was used to remove the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater. The effects of microwave power, radiation time, pH and the feeding in ways of catalyst on the degradation rate of synthetic wastewater were investigated using the microwave radiation oxidation process by orthogonal experiment. The results show Fenton catalyst ratio was 1:20, the microwave radiation power was 900 W, the microwave radiation time was 7 min and the value of pH was 3. Under the optimum conditions, the removal of KSCN can reach over 90%. The apparent kinetics of removal was studied, which conformed to kinetics first-class reaction. In short, for the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater, microwave-Fenton oxidation method is feasible and effective.     

红霉素在模拟水生生态系统中的分布特征

为了了解红霉素在水生生态系统的分布特征,正确评估红霉素的环境风险,采用微宇宙实验装置,考察了红霉素在模拟水生生态系统中水相、沉积物及生物体的分布特征.研究结果表明:红霉素进入模拟水生生态系统后,水相的半衰期为42d,沉积物为主要富集场所,可积累56.46%的红霉素;同时,水草和斑马鱼对红霉素亦有一定的吸收富集能力,水草(Elodea densa)和斑马鱼(Barchydanioreriovar)可分别吸收和富集1.04%和0.0402%的红霉素;水草对红霉素的富集能力高于斑马鱼,其最高富集系数在水草和斑马鱼内分别为46.05 L·kg-1和4.40L·kg-1,在考虑评估红霉素的生态环境风险时,应注意其对水生动植物的影响.     

改良ADA法脱硫废液中硫氰酸钠的分离研究

以乙醇和丙酮的混合液作为溶析剂,采用溶析结晶法从改良ADA法脱硫废液中分离硫氰酸钠。考察了结晶温度、溶析剂配比(V丙酮/V乙醇)、溶析剂/脱硫废液体积比、流加速率和搅拌速率对硫氰酸钠提取率的影响,通过单因素和正交实验确定了硫氰酸钠的最佳提取条件。结果表明,当温度为35℃,流加速率为160 mL/h,溶析剂/脱硫废液体积比为3,搅拌速率为150 r/min,溶析剂配比为V丙酮/V乙醇=2时,分离效果最好,在此条件下硫氰酸钠提取率为95.37%。