基于GIS的北京市机动车污染数据库的开发和应用

利用 GIS技术建立机动车污染数据库 ,能动态、直观地反映机动车污染的时空分布规律 ,为机动车污染控制研究提供强有力的工具 .本研究以 ArcView为主要的 GIS开发工具 ,通过属性数据和空间数据的链接 ,实现了北京市机动车污染数据库的地图化表现、动态查询、基本空间分析等功能 ,从而为机动车污染数据库提供了技术支持 .利用该系统 ,可以对北京市机动车污染物的排放、浓度和分担率的空间分布规律进行 GIS实例分析 .     

铜陵有色金属(集团)公司工伤死亡事故统计分析系统数据库的建立、维护及管理

建立工伤死亡事故统计分析数据库,可利用计算机对大量的伤亡事故的原始数据进行处理,得出不同要求的统计分析结果,从中找出伤亡事故发生的一些规律,为今后的安全生产提出应该重视的问题,为采取预防措施提供依据。     

Methodological approach of coastal areas concerning typology and spatial indicators, in the context of integrated management and environmental assessment

The general objective of this paper is to trigger off the development of a more comprehensive approach to Hellenic coastal areas (in the perspective of territorial cohesion), at local level and especially along the non-urban areas close to the sea. Methodological issues linked to the building of an appropriate coastal database constitute the key goal of this paper (the space and time scale, the relationship to the already proposed set of indicators, the impact of driving forces and policies, the possible sources of data and their feasibility etc.). Furthermore, specific emphasis should be given to the choice of new indicators, particularly for the coastal abiotic environment and the land cover/uses along coastal areas, especially near the seafront. Those indicators should be able to aid the formation (in the near future) of an algorithm linked to the total man-made activities in coastal areas. In conclusion, this paper will be considered successful if the just above illustrated objectives could enrich the argument about the typology of coastal areas and the development of a spatial (coastal) observatory. Actually, this paper is part of a broader research of the author regarding the monitoring of coastal spatial changes in different scales (AMICA, “Appraisal of man-made interventions along the Hellenic coastal areas”). This research aims to broaden the coastal knowledge (not only by means of coastal data) on behalf of all stakeholders been implicated into sustainable spatial planning, integrated coastal management and the strategic environmental assessment along coastal areas.

基层环境监测站最简单监督监测报告数据库系统构建与应用

摘要：每个基层环境监测站均会出自己的产品监督监测报告,并把它作为数据记录到报告数据库中。环境监测以报告的形式起着技术支持、技术监督、技术服务的作用,以数据的方式起着数据查询、统计服务的作用。这里我们用EXCEL构建最简单的监督监测报告数据库系统并应用于废水监督监测报告中。     

海上溢油指纹鉴别技术现状及展望

简要回顾了海上溢油污染概况,介绍了国内外溢油鉴别方法:气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、荧光光谱法、红外光谱法等,指出了未来海上溢油指纹鉴别技术的发展方向。     

油指纹多元统计分析在鉴别地表水石油类污染来源中的应用研究

采用油指纹多元统计方法,对嘉兴市杭州塘和长山河水系沿岸加油站9个不同来源的轻质柴油进行了分类鉴别,并考察了风化的影响.结果表明:仅基于GC-MS谱图,很难对不同轻质柴油的来源进行鉴别;但基于GC-MS谱图,提取正构烷烃及多环芳烃特征比值,进一步采用多元统计方法,可以对不同来源的轻质柴油进行区分.考虑实际水环境中油污染物会风化,向河水中投入两种轻质柴油,考察了不同初始浓度和不同风化时间下的油指纹变化,发现油污染物初始浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,所有特征比值在风化过程中均极不稳定,无法用于分类鉴别;油污染物初始浓度达到1.0 mg·L~(-1)及以上时,特征比值C_(17)/Pr、C_(18)/Ph在风化5 d内可用作油指纹的鉴别指标,5 d后无法用于鉴别;特征比值Pr/Ph、(C_(19)+C_(20))/(C_(21)+C_(22))、CPI受风化时间影响小,始终可以作为油指纹鉴别的特征指标.     

Redressing cultural erosion and ecological decline in a far North Queensland aboriginal community (Australia): the Aurukun ethnobiology database project

Traditional environmental knowledge (usually imparted orally) is being lost from many regions of the world, requiring novel forms of transmission if this situation is to be redressed. Loss of this knowledge may be a significant contributory factor towards ecological decline. Undoubtedly, disruption to ecosystems and societies that depend on these has impacted on traditional land management practices, with negative ramifications for biodiversity. From an environmental perspective, scientists in northern Australia need to understand traditional Aboriginal methods of ‘caring for country’, such as burning regimes, so that these can be incorporated into strategies today for maintaining Australia’s rich biodiversity. However, information exchange should be two-way: as well as learning from local people, science can in turn benefit people who may have little experience of, for example, invasive species. The challenge is how can the complexity of biological knowledge from within different ontologies be represented and integrated in a way that it can be of use to scientists and local people, in order to ensure a sustainable future? The main aim of this study was to record existing local knowledge of biodiversity for the community of Aurukun (far north Queensland), integrating this knowledge with scientific data, while giving parity to both knowledge systems and protecting intellectual property rights. A cross-cultural collaboration between community members and ethnobiologists resulted in development of the Aurukun Ethnobiology Database. An interdisciplinary approach was taken to effectively model autochthonous biological knowledge and scientific data to create a database with a number of practical applications.     

MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定生物脱氮细菌的方法研究

采用基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对生物脱氮废水处理系统中分离得到的两株细菌进行蛋白质质量指纹图谱分析。对供试细菌,比较样品处理方法和基质选择对细菌蛋白质质量指纹图谱的影响,获得优化的实验条件,并对方法的重现性进行了研究。建立了一种快速的细菌蛋白质质量指纹图谱鉴定方法。结果显示:该方法灵敏度高,且分析过程简单快速,具有广泛的开发和应用意义。     

基于InforRport的环境监测系统报表生成

环境监测系统中各式各样的报表的制作是一项复杂而烦琐的工作,使用通用的报表工具对系统开发具有重要的意义。介绍了一个通用报表工具（InforReport）的功能及其怎么样解决了环境监测系统中繁杂的报表制作问题。结果证明了该方法在环境监测中的应用价值。