A MIXING MODEL FOR A SEPARATED MECHANICAL AERATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: An input-output method, using a network of ideal continuous stirred-tank and plug-flow tublar reactors, is adopted to analyze residence time distribution data for a separated mechanical aeration system. The usefulness of this modeling concept is enhanced by its simplicity, especially in the presence of a first-order reaction. This facilitates use of the model format for wastewater quality prediction. Moreover, first-order rate constants can also be estimated from the model, if conversions due to the reaction rate are available.     

ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY IN FLOOD PLAIN MAPPING1

ABSTRACT: Components contributing to uncertainty in the location of the flood plain fringe of a mapped flood plain are identified and examined to determine their relative importance. First-order uncertainty analysis is used to provide a procedure for quantifying the magnitude of uncertainty in the location of the flood plain fringe. Application of the procedure indicated that one standard deviation of uncertainty in flood plain inundation width was about one third of the mean computed inundation width for several flood population-flood geometry combinations. Suggested mapping criteria, which directly incorporate uncertainty estimates, are given. While these criteria are more suitable for use in developing areas than in flood plains that have had extensive development, the analysis procedure can be used to accommodate property owners who challenge the validity of estimated flood fringe boundaries. Use of uncertainty analysis in flood plain mapping should enhance the credibility of the final plan.     

打造中国第一生态桃园--成都市龙泉驿区生态农业旅游开发构想

根据龙泉驿区生态农业旅游开发的有利条件,提出了打造"中国第一生态桃园"的构思--生态旅游开发思路、主题定位、旅游产品设计等.最后,提出该区生态农业旅游的开发对策与措施.     

国内突发环境污染事件特征分析及防治对策研究

文章统计分析了2002年-2008年中国发生的突发环境污染事件,以揭示事件发生的规律、危害以及总体情况和变化趋势,结果表明：中国已进入环境污染事件高发期,突发污染事件总体呈逐年数量增多、危害增大的趋势,且发生时间集中,类型广泛,进而提出以“防为上,救次之,戒为下”的应对策略,实现从注重应急处置向以预防为主的转变。     

基于结构熵权法的铁路环境噪声评价

作为中国最重要的运输方式,铁路近些年虽然得到了迅猛的发展,但是随之而来的交通噪声污染问题也日益严重,给铁路沿线居民的生活带来的影响凸显的越来越大。环境噪声对居民影响的评判可以为缓解或解决这一问题提供支持。首先,以1类声环境功能区的环境噪声限值为标准,将昼间和夜间铁路环境噪声的超标量纳入铁路噪声评测指标。其次,运用主观赋权法与客观赋权法相结合的＂结构熵权法＂,确定铁路环境噪声模糊评价指标集的权重系数。最后,运用实例验证评价方法的可靠性。     

Characterization of surface runoff from a subtropics urban catchment

Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macau was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants from surface runoff with mean concentration of 8.5 and 201.4 mg/L, both over 4-fold higher compared to the Class V surface water quality standard developed by China SEPA. Event mean concentration （EMC） for major pollutants showed considerable variations between rainfall events. The largest rainfall event with the longest length of antecedent dry weather period （ADWP） produced the highest EMC of TN, TSS and COD. From the pollutographs analysis, the peak concentration of TN precedes the peak runoff flow rate for all three rainfall events. The tendency of the concentration of TSS, turbidity and COD changing with runoff flow varies between rainfall events. The relationship between TSS and other parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the physical treatment process to control the surface runoff in the urban catchment. Based on the correlation of parameters with TSS, high treatment efficiency of TSS, TN and COD was expected. The most significant event in term of first flush is the one with the strongest rainfall intensity and longest length of ADWP. TN always showed first flush phenomenon in all three rainfall events, which suggested that the surface runoff in the early stage of surface runoff should be dealt with for controlling TN losses during rainfall events.     

Bypassing the flush,creating new resources: analysing alternative sanitation futures in London

The flush toilet is an illogical form of sanitation from the point of view of water conservation, nutrient recovery and water pollution. Places such as London, with one of the oldest flushing toilet and sewer systems in the world, bears witness to the limits of its universal applicability through dwindling freshwater resources and polluted waterways. It is therefore important to develop new forms of sanitation infrastructure. An actor–network theory coevolution framework is used to explore and gain insights into the coevolution pathways for new types and paradigms of sanitation in London, where waterborne sanitation is currently prevalent. This approach shows that while flushing toilets are currently stable network configurations, there are coevolution pathways that would shift the system towards dry sanitation. The quantity of freshwater resources available for toilet flushing was the main actant cited for the development of these coevolution pathways.     

河道型水库滑坡涌浪漫坝特性*

为探究山区河道型水库中,滑坡涌浪产生的冲击波对重力坝漫坝的影响,运用三维物理模型试验方法,探究近坝库区滑坡涌浪冲击波到达坝前时,坝前首浪最大振幅与涌浪漫坝体积的关系。结果显示,坝前首浪振幅沿坝体两岸向中间减小,坝段中心容易出现最小值;漫坝体积随首浪振幅的增加而增大。研究结果表明:坝前首浪最大振幅与涌浪漫坝体积两者呈正相关关系,漫坝体积受滑坡体角度与滑坡体积影响显著,进而构建漫坝体积计算方法。研究结果能够为大坝安全评估提供一定参考依据。     

北京城区屋面径流中PAHs的初期冲刷效应

为研究北京城区典型屋面径流中PAHs的污染特征,采集并分析了3种材料屋面的径流中颗粒相和溶解相PAHs的浓度.在分析屋面径流中PAHs初期冲刷效应的基础上,提出了描述初期冲刷的定量参数FFn-Max,据此探讨了降雨特征对屋面径流中PAHs初期冲刷效应的影响.结果表明,屋面径流中总PAHs和颗粒相PAHs均存在明显的初期...     

流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解动力学研究

研究了在30℃左右条件下,流化床微生物燃料电池(FBMFC)处理有机废水的基质降解动力学。在空气阴极、单室、无膜液固流化床微生物燃料电池中,以污水和椰壳活性炭为液相和固相,通过实验考察不同水力停留时间的污水COD变化。选取Monod模型和简单动力学模型,通过合理的假设推导出流化床微生物燃料电池处理模拟有机废水时的基质降解动力学模型。将实验数据代入到理论推导得到的动力学模型中,进行线性拟合和对比分析,得到Monod模型和一级反应动力学模型表达式。结果表明流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解为一级反应;Monod模型表达式为:t/s0-st=4.769 7/st+15.885,一级动力学模型为:lnCA=-0.025 32t+8.109 15,理论推导模型与实验数据具有较好的吻合性。