略论我国长江渔业资源的法律保护

从我国长江渔业资源管理角度出发,全面阐述了我国在加强管理的同时,着重在立法上从不同层面直接或间接地加大了长江渔业资源的保护力度,初步形成了长江渔业资源保护法律体系,从而有效遏制了长江渔业资源不断遭到破坏的趋势,最大限度保证其可持续利用。阐述了长江渔业资源现状、地位及破坏长江渔业资源的几种因素、相关的法律规定以及它们相互之间的关系,一方面肯定长江渔业资源保护法律体系在保护长江渔业资源方面所发挥的作用,另一方面也指出其不足之处。长江渔业资源在整个社会经济生活中所处的地位及立法工作的不完善,决定了长江渔业资源保护法律体系还不能成为一个独立的法律部门。但随着长江渔业资源在我国社会经济发展中地位的不断提高以及国家立法力度的加大,长江渔业资源保护法律体系也必将日趋完善。     

涨渡湖湿地保护与渔业生产优化模式探讨

涨渡湖湿地渔业进行人力的利用起始于1952年,渔业生产主要是以人工投放、天然生长为主,鱼类资源自然增殖为辅的粗放型管理模式。1992～2004年每年平均投放大规格鲢、鳙鱼种量为279 014.8 kg,平均捕捞量为755 439 kg,平均捕捞收入为3 329 143.52元,产量变幅范围为36 691～506 135 kg,其中有9个年份变幅在100 000 kg以上。涨渡湖湿地渔业利用存在产权与经营权分离、沉水植物急剧消退、菱角资源未加合理利用、灌江纳苗与分洪调蓄不能协调等方面问题。从常规鱼类放养型渔业、名优鱼类精养型渔业以及综合型渔业方面对涨渡湖湿地生态渔业可持续发展生产模式进行了相关探讨,提出了建立江湖联系机制的4点建议;并在优化生产模式、合理利用资源、调整产业结构、促进经济发展、严格控制污染、搞好综合治理、加强宣传管理、促进湿地恢复等方面提出了针对涨渡湖湿地的一系列保护对策。     

Dynamic catch trends in the history of recreational spearfishing in Australia

The sustained decline in marine fisheries worldwide underscores the need to understand and monitor fisheries trends and fisher behavior. Recreational fisheries are unique in that they are not subject to the typical drivers that influence commercial and artisanal fisheries (e.g., markets or food security). Nevertheless, although exposed to a different set of drivers (i.e., interest or relaxation), recreational fisheries can contribute to fishery declines. Recreational fisheries are also difficult to assess due to an absence of past monitoring and traditional fisheries data. Therefore, we utilized a nontraditional data source (a chronology of spearfishing publications) to document historical trends in recreational spearfishing in Australia between 1952 and 2009. We extracted data on reported fish captures, advertising, and spearfisher commentary and used regression models and ordination analyses to assess historical change. The proportion of coastal fish captures reported declined approximately 80%, whereas the proportion of coral reef and pelagic fish reports increased 1750% and 560%, respectively. Catch composition shifted markedly from coastal temperate or subtropical fishes during the 1950s to 1970s to coral reef and pelagic species in the 1990s to 2000s. Advertising data and commentary by spearfishers indicated that pelagic fish species became desired targets. The mean weight of trophy coral reef fishes also declined significantly over the study period (from approximately 30–8 kg). Recreational fishing presents a highly dynamic social–ecological interface and a challenge for management. Our results emphasize the need for regulatory agencies to work closely with recreational fishing bodies to observe fisher behavior, detect shifts in target species or fishing intensity, and adapt regulatory measures. Tendencias Dinámicas de Captura en la Historia de la Pesca Recreativa con Arpón en Australia     

Comparative study of photovoltaic technologies based on performance,cost and space requirement: Strategy for selection and application

The module performance is an important consideration for selecting PV technologies for electricity production, as well as the economic aspect. Also, PV energy yield under varying environmental conditions is largely dependent on the type of technology used. Therefore, this article presents a comparative analysis of different PV modules, of the same power, namely, monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous silicon and hybrid, based on performance, cost and space requirement. The performance is evaluated in terms of module power output, yield, capture losses, fill factor and efficiency, according to the IEC 61724 standards, using Gwako, Nigeria as a case study. A novel technique called Fundamental PV Module Performance Analysis is used to analyze and compare the performance of the PV modules. The performance of a single module is then employed to calculate the overall performance of a PV array designed for a small off-grid house, and a suitable module is determined amongst the modules under study. Results provide insights into the behaviors of the different technologies with the environmental factors of the location, which have an impact on their power and kWh/kW outputs and the efficiency. This knowledge, coupled with the understanding of the constraints of cost and the module space requirements would be useful to researchers, engineers, installers etc. in Nigeria, for planning and developing photovoltaic electric systems for off-grid applications.     

贡湖湾退渔还湖区的基底稳定性的时空特征

2012年11月至2014年5月期间季度性对无锡贡湖湾退渔还湖生态修复工程进行跟踪调查与检测,就贡湖湾湿地土壤环境退渔还湖修复工程前后的理化性质进行了分析比较,用以评估修复工程实施后退渔还湖区基底的改善效果.结果表明:退渔还湖区内基底化学性质,有机质、总氮、总磷比退渔还湖初期分别提高241.59％、98.61％和162.86％.其中,有效氮和有效磷的均值为102.31 mg/kg和15.10 mg/kg,满足土壤养分分级标准Ⅲ级标准.有关基底稳定性物理性质与退渔还湖初期相比,土壤容重减少17.84％,pH值稳定在5.8 ～6.5之间,土壤缓冲能力明显提高,修复区南部(人为种植植物)的土壤团聚体稳定性恢复状况最好,西部(自然恢复)次之,北部(基底状况差,无植物种植)恢复状况低于前述两区.总之,贡湖退渔还湖修复区在经过17个月后,其基底的整体质量趋于良好,土壤各项养分及团聚体稳定性指标逐步达到合理水平,土壤环境已具有良好的生态功能.     

污染损失与环境效益分析

污染损失是在某一污染状况下，环境资源使用者因环境污染所遭受的经济损失，包括损害费用和防护费用。污染损失不只与环境质量有关，也与环境资源使用量有关。以水污染为例，通过江苏某区水污损失估算结果，经回归分析，评价了该区“七五”期间水环境投入的效益。     

A SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR PREDICTING DAILY TRANSMISSION LOSSES IN A STREAM CHANNEL1

ABSTRACT: A simplified approach for modeling transmission losses in a stream is presented. A theory relating seepage from a channel with the depth of flow is simplified to a one-parameter relationship. A power relationship is then utilized for the stage-discharge relationship, which is coupled with the seepage relationship. This combined equation is integrated over the channel reach to arrive at a general model for seepage loss through the reach, with one parameter needing calibration. An example is provided showing the development of the relationship and the calibration technique for the parameter. The results are shown, emphasizing the use of the model for simulation of channel transmission losses at low and moderate flow conditions.     

真空排污系统管网的铺设

污水在压差的作用下 ,向前运动一段时间后 ,回落到各提升段的低洼处 ,所引起的激励波继续向前传播 ,激发前方静止的污水再次运动起来。这样经多次提升 ,污水越过上坡进入收集罐。由于只考虑向下坡度小于 2 %的管线的摩擦损失及各提升段的静压头损失 ,因此 ,根据不同的系统运行水平 ,污水提升高度可达 4.5～ 6m ,输送距离可达4km。     

船舶污染事故国家损失赔偿初探

探讨了船舶溢油污染事故国家损失赔偿主体、赔偿范围和索赔方法。     

湛江港30万吨级航道工程疏浚泥倾倒对海洋生态环境的影响研究

研究的目的在于根据倾倒区的设置情况和周围海域的生态特点，研究湛江港30万吨级航道工程疏浚泥的倾倒对海洋生态环境及渔业资源的影响，必要情况下提出工程建设方案调整建议及施工期生态环境保护对策。