上海市大气气溶胶中铅污染的综合研究

采用质子激发X荧光分析(PIXE)、质子微探针、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS)等分析手段研究上海市大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的浓度、化学种态和铅的源解析.研究发现2002年冬天和2003年上海地区大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的平均浓度分别为369ng/m³和224ng/m³,铅的化学种态主要是PbCl₂、PbSO₄和PbO,燃煤烟尘、钢铁烟尘和汽车尾气是主要排放源,它们对气溶胶中铅的贡献率分别为50%、35%和15%.     

废水同步生物处理与生物燃料电池发电研究

利用厌氧活性污泥作为接种体成功地启动了空气阴极生物燃料电池(ACMFC),110h的接种产生了0.24V的电压;以乙酸钠和葡萄糖作底物分别产生了0.38V和0.41V电压(外电阻1 000Ω),最大功率密度分别达到146.56 mW/m²和192.04mW/m²,表明有机废水可以用来发电;同时,乙酸钠和葡萄糖的去除率分别为99%和87%,表明燃料电池可以处理废水.二者的电子回收率均在10%左右,主要是由于阴极对氧气分子的透过作用引起的微生物好氧呼吸导致电子损失.     

三丁基锡对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

首次采用蛋白质印迹法研究三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞FL(human amniotic cells)的Bcl-2、Bax和p53表达的影响.结果显示,在0、1、2、3、4μmol·L-1三丁基锡下作用2 h后,FL细胞的Bax蛋白表达量随浓度增加逐渐升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达量仅在3、4μmol·L-1浓度组相比于对照组明显下降.作为凋亡是否发生的决定因素,Bax/Bcl-2比值在三丁基锡高浓度组(3、4μmol·L-1)相比于对照有显著升高;而p53蛋白表达量没有明显变化.研究表明,Bcl-2和Bax参与了TBT诱导的细胞凋亡.     

成都市城区环境大气中典型特征VOCs示踪物种分析

VOCs排放来源较多且成分复杂,通过某些特征物种的浓度比值可以获得相应的VOCs来源信息,2018年12月至2019年11月使用TH-300B大气挥发性有机物快速在线监测系统在成都市内进行监测,并用比值法对VOCs的示踪物种进行分析,研究表明,在监测时间范围内,乙烷、丙烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、异戊二烯、乙炔、苯、甲苯、乙苯...     

应用多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水

在天津××化工厂建立了一套反应器有效体积为80m3的低高径比、多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水的装置。针对影响生物硝化效果的影响因素气液比、水力停留时间进行了考察,得到了操作的优化条件气液比为50∶1,水力停留时间为5h。在此条件下,该装置对废水中的COD_(Cr)和NH4+-N的去除率分别在75%和98%以上,出水中COD_(Cr)<50mg/L,NH4+-N<10mg/L。     

不同工况耦合生物反应器处理低C/N比生活污水试验

在全程好氧工况或低氧+厌氧+好氧工况下,采用耦合生物反应器处理低CN生活污水和污泥减量的试验结果表明:在进水CODCr负荷0.80～1.20kg(m3·d)、NH+4N浓度70～90mgL、TN浓度75～110mgL、HRT=8h、温度约25℃条件下,CODCr和NH4N去除率均可达85%和90%以上;采用低氧+厌氧+好氧工况较全程好氧工况具有更高的TN去除率和更低的污泥产率,其TN去除率高达81.1%,污泥产率为0.065kgkg。     

Sulfonated tea waste: A low-cost adsorbent for purification of biodiesel

In the present work, the crude biodiesel produced from spent fish frying oil through alkaline catalyzed transesterification was purified using a low-cost adsorbent viz. sulfonated tea waste. After separating the glycerol, the crude biodiesel was purified using the suggested adsorbent. Various methods of purification using the said adsorbent were applied such as purification using adsorption column chromatography and shaking methods. The results showed that purification using adsorption column chromatography exhibited the bst result. Properties of the purified fuels were determined and found conformed to those specified by the ASTM standards. For the sake of comparison, purification using zeolite and water washing method was also investigated. The result indicated that the suggested adsorbent was more successful on purification of the crude biodiesel compared to other methods.     

The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the charged water mist on a methane explosion

To study the influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of a charged water mist on a methane explosion, the induction charging method was used to induce charge on a normal water mist; a mesh target method was employed to test the charge-to-mass ratio of its droplets. The propagation images, propagation average velocities, and overpressures of a methane explosion suppressed by charged water mist were analysed. The influence of the charge-to-mass ratio of the suppressant water mist on a methane explosion was studied. Results show that the explosion temperature, propagation average velocity, and peak overpressure deceased more obviously with charged water mist than ordinary water mist. With increasing charge-to-mass ratio, the suppression effect of the charged water mist underwent a significant increase. Under experimental conditions, compared with ordinary water mist, when the charge-to-mass ratio was 0.445 mC/kg and the mist flux was 4 L, the minimum flame propagation average velocity was 3.456 m/s, with a drop of 2.37 m/s (40.68%), and the peak overpressure of the methane explosion was 10.892 kPa, with a drop of 10.798 kPa (49.78%). The suppression effect is considered from the changes of the physico-chemical properties of the water mist as affected by the applied charge-to-mass ratio.     

微生物燃料电池与好氧堆肥协同处理餐厨垃圾

实验主张将餐厨固体垃圾和餐厨废水分开处理,并研究微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为餐厨废水和堆肥渗滤液处理工艺的可行性,通过调节不同的有机负荷,分析其生物产电的潜力和处理效率。对于餐厨废水而言,3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度,输出电压最高,始终维持在0.5 V以上;高于此浓度时电压输出特性与底物浓度呈现反相关,输出电压略低于0.5 V。极化曲线,电化学阻抗分析等也都表明3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度。而且在各种浓度下经MFC处理后的餐厨废水去除率均在90%左右,出水COD均低于400 mg/L。至于堆肥渗滤液,虽然在产电性能、去除效果上较餐厨废水稍差一些,但整体上与餐厨废水呈现出相似的规律。以上结果表明,餐厨垃圾中的废水可以通过MFC有效的去除和实现能量的回收。     

Comparative study of photovoltaic technologies based on performance,cost and space requirement: Strategy for selection and application

The module performance is an important consideration for selecting PV technologies for electricity production, as well as the economic aspect. Also, PV energy yield under varying environmental conditions is largely dependent on the type of technology used. Therefore, this article presents a comparative analysis of different PV modules, of the same power, namely, monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous silicon and hybrid, based on performance, cost and space requirement. The performance is evaluated in terms of module power output, yield, capture losses, fill factor and efficiency, according to the IEC 61724 standards, using Gwako, Nigeria as a case study. A novel technique called Fundamental PV Module Performance Analysis is used to analyze and compare the performance of the PV modules. The performance of a single module is then employed to calculate the overall performance of a PV array designed for a small off-grid house, and a suitable module is determined amongst the modules under study. Results provide insights into the behaviors of the different technologies with the environmental factors of the location, which have an impact on their power and kWh/kW outputs and the efficiency. This knowledge, coupled with the understanding of the constraints of cost and the module space requirements would be useful to researchers, engineers, installers etc. in Nigeria, for planning and developing photovoltaic electric systems for off-grid applications.