“双碳”目标下城市形态对碳排放的影响:以长江经济带为例

明晰城市形态对于碳排放的影响机制,是实现城市碳减排的重要前提.以长江经济带为例,在阐述城市形态对于碳排放作用机制的基础上,利用多源数据定量评估城市形态,并分别采用空间计量模型和地理探测器在全局和分区域尺度评估2005~2020年城市形态对于碳排放的影响.结果表明:①2005~2020年,碳排放量由2365.31 Mt上升至4230.67 Mt,但增速呈逐渐放缓的趋势.其在空间上呈现两极分布格局,高值区主要集中在上海和重庆等核心城市,低值区集中在四川和云南西部地区.②建设用地面积在15年间整体扩张,建设用地人口密度呈下降趋势;城市破碎度不断降低且各市之间差异逐渐缩小;城市形状的平均规则程度有所提升,且各市紧凑度显著增加.③城市规模在全局尺度对碳排放有显著的正向作用,城市破碎度在2005年对碳排放有显著负向效应,但在随后年份负效应减弱,城市紧凑度指标在研究时段内与碳排放呈显著负相关性.④斑块类型面积、斑块密度和有效网格大小对上游城市碳排放的影响最为显著;有效网格大小、平均周长面积比和斑块类型面积在中游城市影响程度较高;有效网格大小、同类邻接百分比和最大斑块指数则是促进下游城市碳减排的关键因素.不同区域城市应当综合考虑各城市形态指标对于碳排放的影响,继而优化其城市形态以推动可持续发展.     

动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为演化分析

为揭示动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为规律,以企业成本和收益为基础,通过区域内所有企业的博弈,运用演化博弈理论研究不同策略下企业对安全生产投入达标行为演化趋势.研究结果表明:当政府监管能力有约束时,无论企业是否明确预设控制目标,均可能出现投机心理,而政府加大惩罚力度可有效改善整体安全生产水平;同时,企业明确控制目标时,通...     

环境会计—21世纪会计界的新课题

随着可持续发展经济战略目标的实施,环境问题受到越来越多的重视,会讨如何在环境管理中发挥其作用,向有关的信息使用者提供有用的信息,这便是环境会计所研究的内容。     

美国清洁空气战略规划

为维护和改善空气质量,2003年美国EPA制定了未来5年的清洁空气战略规划,包括室外空气、室内空气、大气改善、辐射防护以及科学研究5个组成部分.EPA的战略规划措施为:①强调与州、地方、部落之间的紧密合作,加大与非政府组织和专业团体间交流;②采取创新的方法制定出有关政策、规章和非规章性措施,包括绩效方法、激励与自愿计划、环境管理系统、提高环境工作者积极性措施等;③继续加大国际间协作,减少越境污染的发生.      

联合国可持续发展目标的评估与落实研究最新进展——目标关系的视角

目标间关系是影响可持续发展目标执行的重要挑战。本文回顾了关于目标间权衡和协同关系的研究成果，梳理了既有研究中平衡目标间关系的评估方法以及可以促进多目标实现的政策创新手段，总结了影响监测评估和政策手段发挥作用的因素。研究发现：目标间普遍存在部分或整体性的权衡和协同关系；以综合指数法和事前评估法为代表的评估方法开始转向关注目标间复杂的联动关系；减贫、减排、土地政策以及清洁生产和多元利益主体协作机制对目标的整体实现有助益；监测评估作用的发挥受限于数据管理和绩效测量方法的选择，政策手段的效果在一定程度上受到治理能力和既有制度安排的影响。最后，对未来中国落实可持续发展目标提出了展望和建议，要确立中国可持续发展目标间的整体关系，加强对目标执行和实现的事前评估能力，将更多本土化的SDGs指标纳入国家中长期发展规划。     

Provincial development plans in Zimbabwe: an analysis of their content,structure and methodology

Zimbabwean provincial plans were instituted to help in the achievement of the national goal of the creation of an egalitarian, socialist and integrated society. The national goal itself was adopted as an antithesis to the dualist society characterised by spatial, economic, social, politican and technological inequalities that Zimbabwe inherited from colonialism. This meant that provincial plans had to play both a functional (or growth allocating/distribution) and a territorial (or redistribution) role.

This paper reviews their role in achieving the national goal by examining their functions, content, structure and methodology. The paper concludes that because of their nature, provincial plans are not suitable tools for the achievement of the national goal.     

环境保护执法新探

环境执法的方式、手段起到优化作用.随着环境立法的完备和社会公众对环境质量要求的提高.如何加强环境执法的力度、改变环境执法的方式和执法领域.只有严格的执法才能保证和刺激政府、企业对环境服务的需求.通过建立完备的环境执法体系,坚决做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严.以法规的形式,进一步明确环境保护行政主管部门的执法主体地位,调整和强化环保行政主管部门的管理职责,加大统一监管力度.做到法定执法权限,公开执法程序,明晰执法责任,规范执法行为.文章通过分析现行环境执法的缺陷,提出中国环境执法的优化目标和方向.     

Exergy and ecological modelling of lake environment

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平原河网地区地表水环境保护功能区划分的研究

从地表水环境保护功能区划分工作的实践出发 ,针对复杂的水文、水质条件 ,探讨平原河网地区地表水环境保护功能区划分的工作方法和实现区划目标的对策措施。     

Goal striving,idiosyncratic deals,and job behavior

Two important gaps remain to be filled in the idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals) literature. First, it is unclear which employees are predisposed to seek and receive i‐deals. Second, it is unclear how employees' perceptions of whether their coworkers are receiving i‐deals affect their own i‐deal experiences. This study proposed a theoretical model suggesting that (a) three key motivational goals identified in human development research, that is, achievement, status, and communion striving, predispose employees to seek and receive i‐deals; (b) employees' perceptions of whether their coworkers are receiving i‐deals moderate these relationships; and (c) employees' i‐deals are related to their job behavior. Data collected from more than 400 working adults in Italy showed that employees' motivational goals (particularly achievement and status striving) were positively related to the levels of i‐deals they received, and that these i‐deals were in turn positively related to supervisors' assessments of their in‐role job performance, voice behavior, and interpersonal citizenship behavior. High perceptions of the extent to which coworkers received i‐deals further strengthened the relationship between status striving and employees' perceptions of their own i‐deals, highlighting a trait‐situation interactionist perspective on employees' i‐deal experiences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.