城市污水混凝强化处理中污泥的特性探讨

介绍了城市污水处理过程中产生污泥的特点及分类,目前城市污水化学强化一级处理中化学污泥的特性、处置方法以及资源利用等方面的研究成果.     

透视我国环境与资源法制建设

我国自改革开放以来在构建环境与资源保护法律体系方面取得了可喜的成绩,但也存在一些问题。主要表现为:可持续发展战略尚未成为我国环境与资源保护立法的指导思想,我国的环境与资源立法不能完全适应社会主义市场经济的要求和社会发展的需要,我国关于环境与资源的法律法规之间不相统一。造成上述问题的原因有外部因素和内部因素,同时我国的具体国情又使它们更具特殊性。为了有效地解决这些问题,我国须在加强环境立法、健全现有制度、协调内部功能等方面进行不懈的努力。     

Theory into Practice: Implementing Ecosystem Management Objectives in the USDA Forest Service

In the United States and around the world, scientists and practitioners have debated the definition and merits of ecosystem management as a new approach to natural resource management. While these debates continue, a growing number of organizations formally have adopted ecosystem management. However, adoption does not necessarily lead to successful implementation, and theories are not always put into practice. In this article, we examine how a leading natural resource agency, the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, has translated ecosystem management theory into concrete policy objectives and how successfully these objectives are perceived to be implemented throughout the national forest system. Through document analysis, interviews, and survey responses from 345 Forest Service managers (district rangers, forest supervisors, and regional foresters), we find that the agency has incorporated numerous ecosystem management components into its objectives. Agency managers perceive that the greatest attainment of such objectives is related to collaborative stewardship and integration of scientific information, areas in which the organization has considerable prior experience. The objectives perceived to be least attained are adaptive management and integration of social and economic information, areas requiring substantial new resources and a knowledge base not traditionally emphasized by natural resource managers. Overall, success in implementing ecosystem management objectives is linked to committed forest managers.     

广西农业干旱及水资源合理开发利用

分析了广西农业干旱形成的原因和干旱的时空分布特征;采用降雨量、受旱面积、有效灌溉面积及年径流量,制定出干旱指数、受旱系数、耕灌比系数和水资源利用系数,并依照上述4项指标将广西划分为3个农业干旱区,对各旱区的气候特点、年径流量和水资源利用情况进行了较为详尽的分析.广西水资源丰富,但利用率较低,因此为了提高广西的水资源利用率,应加强水利建设,推广科学灌溉,加大地下水开采.     

加强水资源保护刻不容缓

从目前水资源匮乏和水质污染的状况入手,分析了影响原因,并从加强污染源管理、小城镇环保设施建设、控制农业污染、提高利用率、加强环境宣传力度等几方面提出保护水资源的对策与建议.     

STUDY ON DROUGHT DISASTER & MANAGEMENT MEASURES

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自然资源系统的演化及其动力机制

在概述了自然资源和自然资源系统含义的基础上，分析了自然资源系统在人类发展的不同阶段（采集狩猎社会、原始农业社会、传统农业社会、工业社会、后工业社会、知识经济社会）的演化过程及其主要特征，并从自然界和人类活动两个方面探讨了自然资源系统演化的动力机制。     

西部地区农村人力资源的开发利用--对岩镇农村人力资源开发现状的调查分析

首先论述了农村人力资源开发的重要地位和作用,然后通过对西部地区雅安市对岩镇村人力资源状况的调查与分析,结合实际及当前经济发展的需要,就如何搞好对岩镇农村人力资源的开发以服务于地方经济,提出了一系列切实可行的措施,以供西部地区的类似小镇借鉴。     

CREATING MEANINGFUL STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN WATERSHED PLANNING IN PIERCE COUNTY,WASHINGTON1

ABSTRACT: Since 1989, the government of Pierce County, Washington, has prepared four watershed action plans. The watersheds cover almost 800,000 acres and include about 600,000 residents and diverse land uses, from the city of Tacoma to Mount Rainier National Park. The primary purpose of these plans was to address water quality impacts from nonpoint sources of pollution and to protect beneficial uses of water. Pierce County has experienced problems such as shellfish bed closures and the Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) listing of local water bodies as a result of declining water quality. Pierce County achieved improvements by engaging diverse groups of stakeholders in generating solutions to nonpoint sources of water pollution through our watershed planning process. Using participatory methods borrowed from private industry, Pierce County was able to reach consensus, build trust, maximize participation, facilitate learning, encourage creativity, develop partnerships, shorten time frames for the planning processes, and increase the level of commitment participants had to implementing the plans. As a result, the earliest plans have a high rate of voluntary implementation. This indicates that the process and methodology used to develop watershed plans has a significant, if not critical, impact on their success.     

Consequences of Pollution and Degradation of Nigerian Aquatic Environment on Fisheries Resources

Throughout the world, human use of water, and bad planning have led to drier and polluted rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources with dramatic effects on the natural ecosystems. Nigeria's vast freshwater resources are among those most affected by environmental stress imposed by human population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Disposal and management of wastes in Nigeria present serious environmental problems. The usual methods of waste disposal in the country are: land filling, dumpsites, land spreads, water disposal, and incineration. Each of these methods has serious environmental implications because of their potential to pollute and contaminate underground and surface water bodies in the country. Major cities in Nigeria face serious water pollution crises, in which lack of environmental control of water-dependent activities (including domestic, agricultural, and industrial) play an important part. Fish and marine resources in the country face total collapse or extinction, due to over-fishing and destruction of marine life and natural habitats by pollution of water bodies. Unregulated and excessive use of pesticides for fishing and the deliberate disposal and dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes into water bodies are significant causes of massive fish kills and loss of aquatic life and habitats in the country. The protection of water quality and aquatic ecosystem as a vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and environment is of utmost importance to prevent further pollution and degradation of Nigeria's freshwater resources. Integrating operational measures for safeguarding adequate levels of protection of endemic habitats remains a major challenge. There is therefore a need to examine in tandem the entire range of uses to which freshwater is put, and to design services which neither squander precious resources nor fail to respect other, competing and complementary water needs.This paper attempts to provide an overview of the Nigerian freshwater resources, to assess the pollution status of inland waters, identify the sources of pollution, and infer the consequent effect on fisheries resource. Recommendations were proffered on the strategies to employ to ensure that Nigerian fishery resources are adequately managed in order to address the issue of food security.