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91.
协同论、城市生态学及苏州河综合整治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从协同论和城市生态学的角度,对苏州河综合整治的定义、目的、方式进行了阐述了探讨。 相似文献
92.
沙颖河闸坝调控与淮河干流水质风险管理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章分析了沙颖河闸上重污染水集中泄流与淮河干流突发性污染事故的关系。结果表明:在目前排污条件下,淮河干流突发性污染事故的风险,是沙颖河河道节制闸上蓄积实际用水量数十倍及至近百倍的重污染水所造成的。但是,只要闸上始终保持10 ̄15d蓄积水量的规模,然后每天不间断地泄流日均蓄水量规模的水量,则完全可以协调农业生产与淮河干流水质保护之间的关系。 相似文献
93.
基于GIS的内河岸线资源评价研究——以武汉市域长江干流为例 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:19
内河岸线资源是国土资源的重要组成部分,但专门的评价研究在国内外尚不多见。国内研究始于20世纪80年代末,研究区域集中在长江中下游,研究方法已经从定性发展到定量,并引进了GIS手段。论文首先总结了前人的研究,将岸线评价分为质量分等评价、适宜性评价和综合性评价3种类型,概括为评价单元的划分、单项指标的评价和综合质量分等3个步骤。之后,论文以自然资源评价的理论方法为指导,通过武汉市域长江干流岸线的建港自然条件评价的实例,系统探索了运用GIS方法评价岸线资源的一般程序,将其分为:数据准备、建立数据库、评价实施、成果输出4个步骤。 相似文献
94.
95.
Hubert?ChansonEmail author Richard?Brown John?Ferris Ian?Ramsay Kevin?Warburton 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(6):553-575
In natural systems, mixing is driven by turbulence, but current knowledge is limited in estuarine zones where predictions
of contaminant dispersion are often inaccurate. A series of detailed field studies was conducted in a small sub-tropical creek
in eastern Australia. Hydrodynamic, physio-chemical and ecological measurements were conducted simultaneously to assess the
complexity of the estuarine zone, notably the interactions between turbulence and environment. The measurements were typically
performed at high frequency over a tidal cycle. The results provide an original data set to complement long-term monitoring
and a basis for a more detailed study of mixing in sub-tropical systems. Unlike many long-term observations, velocity and
water quality scalars were measured herein with sufficient spatial and temporal resolutions to determine quantities of interest
in the study of turbulence, while ecological indicators were sampled systematically and simultaneously. In particular the
results yielded contrasted outcomes, and the finding impacts on the selection process for key water quality indicators. 相似文献
96.
This study evaluated variations in heavy metal contamination of stream waters and groundwaters affected by an abandoned lead–zinc mine, where a rockfill dam for water storage will be built 11 km downstream. For these purposes, a total of 10 rounds of stream and groundwater samplings and subsequent chemical analyses were performed during 2002–2003. Results of an exploratory investigation of stream waters in 2000 indicated substantial contamination with heavy metals including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) for at least 6 km downstream from the mine. Stream waters near the mine showed metal contamination as high as arsenic (As) 8,923 μg L−1, copper (Cu) 616 μg L−1, cadmium (Cd) 223 μg L−1 and lead (Pb) 10,590 μg L−1, which greatly exceeded the Korean stream water guidelines. Remediation focused on the mine tailing piles largely improved the stream water qualities. However, there have still been quality problems for the waters containing relatively high concentrations of As (6–174 μg L−1), Cd (1–46 μg L−1) and Pb (2–26 μg L−1). Rainfall infiltration into the mine tailing piles resulted in an increase of heavy metals in the stream waters due to direct discharge of waste effluent, while dilution of the contaminated stream waters improved the water quality due to mixing with metal free rain waters. Levels of As, Cu and chromium (Cr) largely decreased after heavy rain but that of Pb was rather elevated. The stream waters were characterized by high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and sulfate (SO4), which were derived from dissolution and leaching of carbonate and sulfide minerals. It was observed that the proportions of Ca and SO4 increased while those of bicarbonate (HCO3) and sodium and potassium (Na+K) decreased after a light rainfall event. Most interestingly, the reverse was generally detected for the groundwaters. The zinc, being the metal mined, was the most dominant heavy metal in the groundwaters (1758–10,550 μg L−1) near the mine, which far exceeded the Korean standard of 1000 μg L−1 for drinking water. The decreases in the heavy metals contents in the groundwaters associated with reduced rainfall were quite different from the increases observed for the stream waters, which is not clearly understood at this time and warrants further investigation. 相似文献
97.
河道滞留塘系统对污染河水中氮磷的去除特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
河道滞留塘系统是一项适用于中小型污染河流净化的生态技术,目前我国部分中小型河流污染严重,研究河道滞留塘系统对河流污染物的去除特性具有现实意义,但目前尚缺乏系统深入的研究。该研究对实际污染河水进行了一年现场试验研究,通过改变水力停留时间,考察了不同季节、不同河水水质条件下河道滞留塘系统对河水中氨氮(NH3-N)和总磷(TP)的净化效果。结果表明,河道滞留塘系统主要通过颗粒物的重力沉降作用净化河水中的总磷(TP)。在该研究条件下,TP去除率接近30%,去除速率为0.01~0.02 g.h-1.m-2。TP去除速率约为0.003倍的SS去除速率,两者间有较好的相关关系,因此可通过测定滞留塘SS去除速率来预测TP去除速率。但滞留塘系统对NH3-N无显著去除能力。 相似文献
98.
几种碱性废渣脱硫性能的比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以吸收瓶为实验装置研究了几种碱性废渣的脱硫容量。实验结果表明 ,电石渣、碱渣、废大理石和石灰石的脱硫容量分别为 0 85、0 75 ,0 6 2和 0 5 8gSO2 g脱硫剂。旋流板塔试验主要参数对脱硫率的影响结果表明 ,入塔浆液pH值越大 ,液气比L G越大 ,脱硫率η也越高 ;入塔SO2 浓度y0 越高 ,脱硫率η越低。模拟工业试验结果表明 ,对电石渣和碱渣 ,控制浆液pH >7,L G =2~ 3L m3时 ,η可达 6 5 %以上 ;对废大理石和石灰石 ,控制浆液pH为 6 5 ,L G =4~6L m3时 ,η可达 6 0 %以上。从以上结果来看 ,作为脱硫剂 ,电石渣脱硫效果最好 ,碱渣次之 ,最后是废大理石和石灰石。电石渣和碱渣显示了良好的应用前景 相似文献
99.
100.
Steven M. Wondzell Mousa Diabat Roy Haggerty 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(1):116-132
Simulations of stream temperatures showed a wide range of future thermal regimes under a warming climate — from 2.9°C warmer to 7.6°C cooler than current conditions — depending primarily on shade from riparian vegetation. We used the stream temperature model, Heat Source, to analyze a 37‐km study segment of the upper Middle Fork John Day River, located in northeast Oregon, USA. We developed alternative future scenarios based on downscaled projections from climate change models and the composition and structure of native riparian forests. We examined 36 scenarios combining future changes in air temperature (ΔTair = 0°C, +2°C, and +4°C), stream discharge (ΔQ = ?30%, 0%, and +30%), and riparian vegetation (post‐wildfire with 7% shade, current vegetation with 19% shade, a young‐open forest with 34% shade, and a mature riparian forest with 79% effective shade). Shade from riparian vegetation had the largest influence on stream temperatures, changing the seven‐day average daily maximum temperature (7DADM) from +1°C to ?7°C. In comparison, the 7DADM increased by 1.4°C with a 4°C increase in air temperature and by 0.7°C with a 30% change in discharge. Many streams throughout the interior western United States have been altered in ways that have substantially reduced shade. The effect of restoring shade could result in future stream temperatures that are colder than today, even under a warmer climate with substantially lower late‐summer streamflow. 相似文献