微藻与水环境修复

目前,环境污染已威胁到我们人类的生活质量和身体健康。水污染作为环境污染的主要组成部分,已成为污染治理和环境修复的当务之急。文章综述了微藻作为一种生物修复工具修复富营养化水源和重金属污染水源的研究进展其国内外研究概况。具体阐述了微藻修复受污染水环境的机理,能除氮脱磷的微藻种类、环境因素对微藻除氮脱磷的影响,利用微藻除氮磷富营养化的研究现状,以及利用微藻作为生物武器消除重金属污染的优势、特点和现状。重点论述了螺旋藻和小球藻两种微藻修复水体污染的概况。     

洪泽湖主要水生植物群落水环境效益研究

洪泽湖湿地为我国典型的湖泊湿地,有着丰富的水生植物资源,这些水生植物群落在生长过程中与洪泽湖水体相互作用相互影响。由于自身生长习性的不同,对水体产生了不同的水环境效益。此次选取了洪泽湖主要水生植物群落,并对这些群落的总氮、总磷、化学需氧量等指标进行检验。采用因子分析统计手段和综合营养状态指数法对各群落水体的水质状况加以分析,从而发现了不同水生植物群落不同的水环境效益,其中菹草群落与芦苇群落的水环境效益较好,而水葱群落与水花生群落的水环境效益较差。     

城市河流底质粒径与重金属污染状况分析

河流底质是河流水体的重要组成部分,是污染物的主要归宿场所。重金属主要通过吸附、络合、生物吸收等过程进入河流底质中,河流底质粒径是影响重金属吸附量的重要因素之一,而在有机质含量较高的河流底质中,底质粒径和有机质的吸附作用共同影响着重金属在底质上的吸附量。通过对苏北某城市河流底质进行粒径分级实验和有机质含量测定,研究了底质粒径与重金属（Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr）含量的关系以及底质中有机质含量对重金属吸附量的影响。     

大王洞地下河水化学分析及污染状况初探

本文主要通过对安徽大王洞各采样点水质的分析,揭示大王洞地下水化学组成,进而揭示地下河水的物质来源及污染状况。结果表明,地下河水中Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-主要来自碳酸盐岩的溶解,土壤和岩石的元素通过岩溶地球化学过程向水中迁移致使水中存在大量元素,Ca2+在阳离子中占主导地位,HCO3-在阴离子中占主导地位,K+、Na+、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-浓度较高,明显受到人为污染影响,Ca2+与HCO3-,EC与TDS、Ca2+、HCO3-,Na+与SO42-、Cl-表现出了较强的相关性。整个地下河水主要由洞外水、支流水、滴水汇聚而成,洞外水、支流水、滴水对地下河水的贡献量约为62%、23%、15%。     

城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长规律研究

主要探讨城市化对城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长的影响。这些影响包括河流中营养物的升高、高等水生植物的灭绝、河水所受光照强度的变化以及由河水滞流带来的水体复氧效率降低对内河中蓝藻爆发条件的影响。通过实验我们发现金鱼藻与水网藻的存在可以在一定程度上抑制蓝藻的生长,金鱼藻的效果比水网藻更明显。适宜的光照是蓝藻大量生长的条件。对水体进行曝气复氧可以抑制蓝藻的生长。     

絮凝沉淀和人工湿地技术在河流污染治理中的应用

海新河是浑河抚顺城市段的一级支流,水质超过国家地表水V类标准,外观上发黑、发臭,己蜕化成为城市排污沟。其水质状况直接影响浑河水环境功能,继而影响辽河流域的总体水质。针对海新河污染特点,采用絮凝沉淀和人工湿地技术对海新河进行工程治理,建设一座占地1.1万平方米日处理能力6万吨的一级污水处理厂和一块占地4.95万平方米的人工湿地,工程实施后海新河水质达到地表水IV类水体标准,并达到中水回水标准,具有良好的经济、环境和社会效益。     

应对流域生态补偿机制的环境监测

结合中国流域生态补偿有关政策和实施情况,阐述了环境经济新政策对环境监测提出的新要求。环境监测是成功实施流域生态补偿机制的前提和基础,必须对生态环境“说得清、说得早、说得细”,才能为补偿资金的核算提供公正依据。指出应对流域生态补偿机制开展环境监测,目前在点位设置、监测手段、质量控制等方面还存在一些问题,现行的一些技术方法与之还不相适合,现有的监测能力也难以满足,这些都需要及时解决。根据生态补偿机制要求,提出加强监测能力建设、开展水环境优先监测及应用技术研究等对策。     

A GIS Framework for Regional Modeling of Riverine Nitrogen Transport: Case Study,San Antonio and Guadalupe Basins

This article presents a framework for integrating a regional geographic information system (GIS)‐based nitrogen dataset (Texas Anthropogenic Nitrogen Dataset, TX‐ANB) and a GIS‐based river routing model (Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge) to simulate steady‐state riverine total nitrogen (TN) transport in river networks containing thousands of reaches. A two‐year case study was conducted in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins during dry and wet years (2008 and 2009, respectively). This article investigates TN export in urbanized (San Antonio) vs. rural (Guadalupe) drainage basins and considers the effect of reservoirs on TN transport. Simulated TN export values are within 10 percent of measured export values for selected stations in 2008 and 2009. Results show that in both years the San Antonio basin contributed a larger quantity than the Guadalupe basin of delivered TN to the coastal ocean. The San Antonio basin is affected by urban activities including point sources, associated with the city of San Antonio, in addition to greater agricultural activities. The Guadalupe basin lacks major metropolitan areas and is dominated by rangeland, rather than fertilized agricultural fields. Both basins delivered more TN to coastal waters in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, TN removal in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins is inversely related to stream orders: the higher the order the more TN delivery (or the less TN removal).     

香港吐露港地区河流水质管理效果研究

为探讨香港水质管理的措施及效果,本文对香港吐露港地区5条河流10个监测点1985—2014年的地表水质数据进行分析,观察水体整治管理前后污染物浓度的变化。结果表明:10个监测点的氨氮、BOD_5、COD和TP的浓度均逐年下降,上下游共同努力,使各项污染物得到很大程度的削减,并且治理前后的浓度存在明显统计学差异(p0.05),且治理之后各项污染物年均浓度趋于平稳,达到标准以内。由此可以看出,香港地区水质管理效果的显著与其所实施的《水污染管制条例》、禽畜饲养禁制区设立与吐露港及牛尾海污水收集整体计划密不可分。随着国务院颁布的《水污染防治行动计划》的施行,香港吐露港地区治理的措施可为我国现阶段黑臭水体整治工作所借鉴。     

Community perspectives on managing health of peri-urban river system: evidence from the Hawkesbury-Nepean river catchment,Australia

In this study, we examine aspects of community values and perspectives on goods and services received from the river along with issues related to sustainable management of the river. The study reveals that the contemporary values placed on rivers by communities are mostly associated with recreational and leisure activities. The distance from the river and age of the participants appeared as the most influential social demographic factors affecting participants' perspectives on river health. The study indicates that people tend to develop a strong bond with the natural resources around them and the amount of time spent at a location is directly related to the strength of this relationship. To assess the general river condition and health, a number of visual indicators (e.g., floating debris) were suggested. If properly standardised and calibrated, such indicators have the potential to develop cost-effective monitoring tools for detecting seasonal and spatial changes in river health.