Evaluation of chlordimeform and degradation products for mutagenic and DNA‐damaging activity in salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli

Abstract

The mutagenic activity of chlordimeform and two of its breakdown products, 4‐chloro‐o‐toludine and 4‐chloro‐N‐formyl‐o‐toluidine were determined with five histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100) and five tryptophan dependent strains of E. coli WP₂. (WP₂, WP₂uvrA, WP67, CM611, CM571) with and without rat liver microsomal enzymes. 4‐chloro‐o‐toluidine increased the number of the reversions of the S. typhimurium strain TA1535 more than two fold over spontaneous at the concentration of 400 μg/plate.

The results of the DNA repair tests in the Salmonella TA1538/TA1978 and E. coli multirepair deficient systems showed that both breakdown products were active in inducing damage not repaired in at least one repair deficient strain while chlordimeform itself was inactive.     

Closed-loop supply chain system with energy,transportation and waste disposal costs

Energy usage and consumption play important and strategic roles in modern manufacturing, inventory and logistics systems. The literature on inventory models for closed-loop supply chains reveals that, for no clear reasons, energy costs were ignored along with transportation and disposal costs. This paper introduces a closed-loop supply chain model that considers the economic value and energy content of products. It also offers a novel framework for studying lot-sizing policies of production processes in that context. Thus, a mathematical model for a closed-loop supply chain system with energy, transportation and disposal costs is developed. Numerical examples are provided with their results discussed. The developed model was also compared to that of Richter (1996) to stress the importance of accounting for the three noted costs. The numerical results emphasise that accounting for energy, transportation and disposal costs in supply chain modelling increases the sustainability of a production-inventory system due to the strong interdependence of the three costs on one hand, and their relationship to the environment on the other hand.     

DNA damage in Populus tremuloides clones exposed to elevated O3

The effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric tropospheric ozone (O₃) on DNA damage in five trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones growing in a free-air enrichment experiment in the presence and absence of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) were examined. Growing season mean hourly O₃ concentrations were 36.3 and 47.3 ppb for ambient and elevated O₃ plots, respectively. The 4th highest daily maximum 8-h ambient and elevated O₃ concentrations were 79 and 89 ppb, respectively. Elevated CO₂ averaged 524 ppm (+150 ppm) over the growing season. Exposure to O₃ and CO₂ in combination with O₃ increased DNA damage levels above background as measured by the comet assay. Ozone-tolerant clones 271 and 8L showed the highest levels of DNA damage under elevated O₃ compared with ambient air; whereas less tolerant clone 216 and sensitive clones 42E and 259 had comparably lower levels of DNA damage with no significant differences between elevated O₃ and ambient air. Clone 8L was demonstrated to have the highest level of excision DNA repair. In addition, clone 271 had the highest level of oxidative damage as measured by lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that variation in cellular responses to DNA damage between aspen clones may contribute to O₃ tolerance or sensitivity.     

直升机在海洋气候环境下的腐蚀防护对策研究

针对海洋气候环境特点,分析了直升机执行海上飞行任务易遭受的腐蚀问题,给出了直升机在海洋盐雾大气环境下几种比较典型的腐蚀形态,针对腐蚀防护工作开展现状,给出了腐蚀防护研究总体思路,为相关单位开展陆军直升机海上飞行腐蚀防护研究提供了借鉴与参考。     

挥发性有机物泄漏检测与修复技术经验研究

近年来挥发性有机物的泄漏检测及有效修复越来越受环保重视,介绍了挥发性有机物泄漏检测与修复技术,详细分析了检测过程中的实施经验,结合实际经验对现存现场检测中排放源遗漏、挂牌、检测及复测、泄漏检测介质的选择、人员、泄漏量统计及控制标准等问题进行了探讨.提出了对该项技术今后的展望,化工类企业可通过泄漏和逸散排放的检测以及相关管理体制的建立有效查找泄漏并及时修复.     

安全网络控制技术在干熄焦系统大修中的应用

针对干熄焦系统大修中点多、线长、面广等特点,提出了安全网络控制技术,该技术在干熄焦系统大修中具有极为重要的安全保障和指导作用.     

直升机结构钢涂层体系防护性能在模拟海洋大气环境中的变化

目的对比、评价服役于海洋大气环境中直升机结构钢防护体系的防护性能。方法通过模拟海洋大气环境加速试验方法,研究直升机结构钢防护体系在实际服役过程中出现的损伤。结果涂层A微观结构较为疏松,加速试验中涂层基体产生鼓泡,并发生腐蚀。电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法测得低频区的阻抗模值相对较低,说明涂层防护性能较差,与宏观试验结果一致。结论在模拟海洋大气环境的加速试验中,涂层表面的微小缺陷(如疏松结构中的微小孔洞)会成为腐蚀溶液进入的快速通道,进而降低涂层的防护性能。利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法可有效表征有机涂层涂覆下的金属腐蚀行为,并评估涂层的防护性能。     

直升机航电系统高原高寒环境适应性评估

目的研究高原高寒环境对直升机航电系统试验的影响、应对以及直升机环境适应性评价方法。方法通过分析高原高寒环境对直升机航电系统的影响因素,建立评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评价方法,得出直升机航电系统在高原高寒环境下适应性评价值。结果直升机高原高寒适应性可分为两个一级指标,12个二级指标,其中高原适应性评价指标的权重为0.7983,高寒适应性的权重指标为0.2135。某直升机高原高寒适应性模糊综合评价值为0.7692,适应性综合评价为较好。结论高原、高寒地区特殊的自然环境、地形地貌、气候条件等都会对航空装备的试验和使用产生很大的影响,航空装备乃至武器装备环境适应性试验的重要性与日俱增,运用模糊综合评价方法能够有效地进行直升机航电系统高原高寒环境适应性评价,提高试验效率。     

海军某型飞机腐蚀的修理与防护

海军某型飞机在首次大修过程中,发现腐蚀比较严重,已影响到飞机的正常使用和安全寿命,引起了相关人员的高度重视。基于此,根据该飞机的实际腐蚀情况,并结合前期对海军飞机开展的腐蚀调研,详细阐述了该型飞机易发生腐蚀的部位及腐蚀类型,分析了腐蚀产生的主要原因,制定了有效的修理和预防措施,解决了该型飞机在某些高温、高湿、高盐使用环境中无法顺利完成使命任务的难题,并从设计、制造、修理及维护等方面对该型飞机今后的防腐工作提出了一些建议。     

耐久性仿真试验在直升机上的应用研究

目的研究适用于直升机型号研制的耐久性仿真试验方法。方法在对常规耐久性仿真试验方法进行研究总结的基础上,针对直升机特点阐述适用于直升机研制的耐久性仿真试验方法的一般流程及实施步骤,并将其应用于某直升机型号机载产品的具体案例中。结果利用文中提出的耐久性仿真试验方法有效地发现了该直升机机载产品研制中的耐久性设计薄弱环节,且操作流程和实施步骤简单易行。结论所提出的耐久性仿真试验方法在直升机上应用具有较高的有效性和可行性,可以推广到直升机型号研制的实际工程应用中。