Radionuclide transfer to freshwater biota species: review of Russian language studies

Around 130 publications reporting studies on radionuclide transfer to freshwater biota species conducted in the former USSR were reviewed to provide the concentration ratio values. None of these studies were available up to now in the English language reviews or publications. The values derived have been compared with the CR values used for freshwater systems in the International reviews. For some radionuclides reviewed in this paper, the data are in good agreement with the mean CR values presented earlier, however for some of them, in particular, for ²⁴¹Am (bivalve molluscs, gastropods and pelagic fish), ⁶⁰Co (gastropods, benthic fish and insect larvae), ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs (benthic fish and zooplankton), the mean values given here are substantially different from those presented earlier. The data reported in this paper for thirty five radionuclides and eleven groups of freshwater species markedly improve the extent of available data for evaluation of radiation impact on freshwater species.     

Effects of Invasive Plants on Arthropods

Non‐native plants have invaded nearly all ecosystems and represent a major component of global ecological change. Plant invasions frequently change the composition and structure of vegetation communities, which can alter animal communities and ecosystem processes. We reviewed 87 articles published in the peer‐reviewed literature to evaluate responses of arthropod communities and functional groups to non‐native invasive plants. Total abundance of arthropods decreased in 62% of studies and increased in 15%. Taxonomic richness decreased in 48% of studies and increased in 13%. Herbivorous arthropods decreased in response to plant invasions in 48% of studies and increased in 17%, likely due to direct effects of decreased plant diversity. Predaceous arthropods decreased in response to invasive plants in 44% of studies, which may reflect indirect effects due to reductions in prey. Twenty‐two percent of studies documented increases in predators, which may reflect changes in vegetation structure that improved mobility, survival, or web‐building for these species. Detritivores increased in 67% of studies, likely in response to increased litter and decaying vegetation; no studies documented decreased abundance in this functional group. Although many researchers have examined effects of plant invasions on arthropods, sizeable information gaps remain, specifically regarding how invasive plants influence habitat and dietary requirements. Beyond this, the ability to predict changes in arthropod populations and communities associated with plant invasions could be improved by adopting a more functional and mechanistic approach. Understanding responses of arthropods to invasive plants will critically inform conservation of virtually all biodiversity and ecological processes because so many organisms depend on arthropods as prey or for their functional roles, including pollination, seed dispersal, and decomposition. Given their short generation times and ability to respond rapidly to ecological change, arthropods may be ideal targets for restoration and conservation activities. Efectos de las Plantas Invasoras sobre los Artrópodos     

道路车辆电工电子设备高加速应力筛选和稽核

成熟的汽车企业已经将高加速环境应力筛选和稽核引入装车电工电子设备的研发、试产和批量供货的管理中,其需求已进入国内检测市场。在讨论了高加速寿命试验(HALT)基础上,介绍并讨论高加速应力筛选(HASS)和稽核(HASA)的各项要素和实验室要求。     

难降解有机物的生物处理技术进展

难降解有机物严重污染和威胁人类身体健康,因此难降解有机物的治理技术研究是目前水污染防治研究的热点与难点。近年来,难降解有机物的生物处理技术研究取得了广泛的成果。目前运用生物技术处理难降解有机物的主要技术路线,包括共代谢技术、缺氧反硝化技术、高效菌种技术、细胞固定化技术、厌氧水解酸化预处理技术。     

高活性自由基在烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用

从高活性自由基强氧化性的新视角,分析了几种基于不同自由基反应的燃煤电厂烟气脱硫、脱硝工艺,详细介绍了它们的反应机理、研究现状、应用以及最新进展,并分析了这些技术的优缺点,最后对其发展前景作了展望。     

广元市建设川陕甘结合部生态强市的思考

通过对广元市生态市的建设现状、指导思想、奋斗目标、建设路径进行深入分析,提出建设生态强市的可行性措施,并从法制、组织、资金、技术方面提供保障。     

复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体

采用中试规模复合生物滤池处理城市高污染水体,考察了滤池的最佳运行参数以及对氮和有机物的去除效果。结果表明:滤池容积负荷宜控制为0.3～0.5 kg COD/(m3.d),水力负荷4.5～5 m3/(m2.d),适宜的通风比为9%,当C/N为5～8时,滤池COD、NH4+-N和TN平均去除率分别为80%、83%和63%,达到高效同步硝化反硝化状态。     

《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001年～2005年载文及作者统计分析

本文运用文献计量学方法,以《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001～2005年发表的论文作为研究对象,分别就载文及作者的情况进行了统计分析,为该刊将来的发展提供参考数据。     

互联网与环境科学技术

互联网的普及对推动环境科学技术发展起着很大作用 ,一方面 ,合理利用网络的资源可以使科研工作事半功倍 ;另一方面 ,互联网逐渐成为环境技术的推广应用、环保设备产品宣传和销售中的重要环节。本文介绍与环境科学技术相关的网络资源 ,包括文献检索、软件和环境科学讨论组、数据库、环保技术设备信息平台等     

填埋场作业面NMOCs臭氧生成潜势及高贡献物质

非甲烷有机物(NMOCs)是大气光化学反应生成臭氧过程的主要前体物,填埋场作业面是其重要无组织释放源.为控制对流层臭氧污染,必须控制NMOCs浓度,而识别高臭氧生成贡献物质是前提.本研究采集填埋场作业面气体样品,分析其组分特征,并以等效丙烯浓度法和最大增量反应活性法计算其臭氧生成潜势.结果表明,填埋场作业面共检出符合检出频率与浓度条件的36种5大类物质,NMOCs年均总浓度约为10 000μg·m~(-3),夏季总浓度最高,各类物质浓度呈含氧化合物含硫化合物卤代烃苯系物碳氢化合物的规律;综合两种计算方法结果,全年范围内高臭氧生成贡献物质为乙醇、间二甲苯、丙烯、乙酸乙酯和正戊烷;春季与全年类似,夏秋两季高贡献物质为乙醇、1-丁烯、甲苯、环己烷和苯乙烯,冬季乙醇贡献极高.通过比较,等效丙烯浓度法更适合估算作业面臭氧生成潜势.