等离子体协同改性凹凸棒石催化脱除NOx的研究

采用等离子体协同改性凹凸棒石催化脱除NOx,研究了等离子体反应器输入电压和凹凸棒石煅烧温度对NO和NOx脱除率的影响规律.结果表明,当反应器输入电压30kV时,NO和NOx脱除率随等离子体输入电压增加而增大.凹凸棒石煅烧温度对催化活性也具有显著影响,当煅烧温度600℃时,部分凹凸棒石被烧结熔融, NO和NOx脱除率都不高;当煅烧温度为400~600℃时,凹凸棒石活性较高, NO和NOx脱除率可达最大值.本实验条件下最佳工艺参数为等离子体输入电压>30kV, 凹凸棒石煅烧温度为400~600℃,NOx最大脱除率可达89.6%.     

不同黏土矿物材料对Cd2+的吸附特征

探讨了在不同矿物投加量、不同振荡时间、不同Cd2 质量浓度、不同矿物颗粒细度和不同pH值条件下,钠基膨润土、膨胀蛭石和沸石3种黏土矿物对Cd2 的吸附效果,并比较了3种黏土矿物对Cd2 的吸附差异性.结果表明:具有可膨胀层间的黏土矿物对溶液中Cd2 的吸附量不仅仅由单一的阳离子交换量决定;Cd2 在矿物表面的吸附过程是个迅速的过程,在10 min内即可完成;黏土矿物颗粒细度不同,对Cd2 的吸附率不同,但并非颗粒越细吸附量越大;就实验所采用的3种黏土矿物而言,在较低矿物投加量条件下,其对Cd2 的吸附能力从大到小依次为钠基膨润土、沸石、膨胀蛭石;较高的pH值有助于黏土矿物对溶液中Cd2 的吸附,但考虑到实际操作的其他因素,不能把pH值调得过高.     

Amplification of plasmid DNA bound on soil colloidal particles and clay minerals by the polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify a 600-base pair(bp)sequence of plasmid pGEX-2T DNA bound on soil colloidal particles from Brown soil(Alfisol)and Red soil(Ultisol),and three different minerals(goethite,kaolinite,montmorillonite). DNA bound on soil colloids,kaolinite,and montmorillonite was not amplified when the complexes were used directly but amplification occurred when the soil colloid or kaolinite-DNA complex was diluted,10- and 20-fold.The montmorillonite-DNA complex required at least 100-fold dilution before amplification could be detected.DNA bound on goethile was amplified irrespective of whether the complex was used directly,or diluted 10- and 20-fold.The amplification of mineral-bound plasmid DNA by PCR is,therefore,markedly influenced by the type and concentration of minerals used.This information is of fundamental importance to soil molecular microbial ecology with particular reference to monitoring the fate of genetically engineered microorganisms and their recombinant DNA in soil environments.     

垃圾填埋场采用钠基膨润土防水毯防渗技术的探讨

目前内蒙古各城市生活垃圾的处置方式,大多采用卫生填埋法。防渗是卫生填埋处理技术的主要标志,它能防止垃圾在填埋过程中产生的渗滤液对水体污染。近几年钠基膨润土防水毯在卫生填埋场中得到快速发展,现已部分或全部取代粘土防渗层。本文主要从工程施工、质量、造价等分析膨润毯取代粘土防渗层的优势以及采用粘土防渗层对生态环境产生的不利影响。     

抗生素在土壤、粘土矿物中的吸附研究进展

抗生素长期大量的用于人、动物、植物的疾病治疗或者水产养殖,它们在动物体内代谢率低,通过粪便或者尿液直接以原型或次级代谢产物的形式直接进入环境中,并可在环境中富集,产生各种抗生素的细菌或者诱发基因,直接或者间接的给人类的健康带来各种隐患。抗生素在环境中最重要的行为是吸附,吸附不仅影响其在环境中的滞留时间、分布、迁移、转化...     

Removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution using Tunisian clays minerals and synthetic zeolite

Phosphate ions are usually considered to be responsible for the algal bloom in receiving water bodies and aesthetic problems in water. From the environmental point of view, the management of such contaminant and valuable resource is very important. The present work deals with the removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using kaolinitic and smectic clay minerals and synthetic zeolite as adsorbent. The pH effect and adsorption kinetic were studied. It was found that phosphate could be efficiently removed at acidic pH (between 4 and 6) and the second order model of kinetics is more adopted for all samples. The isotherms of adsorption of phosphate ions by the two clays and the zeolite samples show that the zeolite has the highest rate of uptake (52.9 mg P/g). Equilibrium data were well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.     

成都粘土去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

文章以成都粘土作为氨氮吸附剂,通过单因素探讨了用土量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、pH和静置时间5个因素对氨氮去除率的影响。研究表明,在用土量m=50 g/L,pH=8.0的条件下,以r=100 r/min搅拌40 min,并静置24 h后,粘土对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率可达到23.97%,粘土单位氨氮吸附率为7.14 mg/g。实验表明,粘土可有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,更便于生化法在后续处理中的应用,将其与生化法、矿物吸附法等物理方法组合使用,能更好地处理垃圾渗滤液。     

西南某地粘土对U吸附的动态模拟实验研究

选择西南某地正电荷发育的弱酸性粘土TY4作为吸附介质,加5%Ca(OH)2作为添加剂制作模拟屏障,用模拟核废液对介质做动态淋滤实验,得出了铀浓度随流量、pH值的变化曲线。实验结果表明,随高度增加屏障的吸附性能增大,渗透系数减小。屏障在pH为11和9附近时吸附效果较强。     

膨润土在危废填埋场防渗系统粘土层改性中的应用

通过阐述在工程实践中采用膨润土改性天然粘土的相关情况,分析膨润土在填埋场防渗系统粘土层改性中的应用,表明该方案技术可行、经济合理,可作为类似工程的参考。     

粘土水泥浆及其在矸石自燃防治中的应用

为防治露天煤矿矸石自燃,以粘土和水泥为主要固料,以浆液粘度、容重及含水率三个指标为标准,配制出密度为1.48g/cm3、粘度为33s的粘土水泥浆液,并在矸石场进行了注浆试验。通过测量挖掘断面,得到了不同注浆量的浆液扩散范围以及注浆充填矸石空隙的实际效果。试验采用的浆液配方设计方法和浆液配比参数及注浆工艺参数,为矸石自燃治理注浆工艺的现场实际应用,提供了技术依据。