聚碳酸酯中低应变率范围下动态力学性能研究

目的研究聚碳酸酯材料在一定温度下中低应变率范围内的力学性能。方法利用高速液压伺服材料试验机和非接触测试分析系统,在不同温度(-45~70℃)下对聚碳酸酯材料进行应变率范围(0.05~60 s-1)的动态拉伸试验,获得各温度不同应变率下的真实应力-真实应变曲线。结果聚碳酸酯材料的屈服强度和流动应力随着应变率的增加而增加,随着温度的增加而降低。结论聚碳酸酯材料在此温度和应变率范围下具有明显的应变率强化效应和温度软化效应。     

Rapid assays for environmental and biological monitoring

Abstract

Rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and selective enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) now are utilized in environmental science. In this laboratory, many ELISAs have been developed for pesticides and other toxic substances and also for their metabolites. Compounds for which ELISAs have recently been devised include insecticides (organophosphates, carbaryl, pyrethroids, and fenoxycarb), herbicides (s‐triazines, arylureas, triclopyr, and bromacil), fungicides (myclobutanil), TCDD, and metabolites of naphthalene and toluene. New rapid assays have been developed for mercury.     

染料中间体废水的逆流漂洗法处理

将逆流漂洗工艺应用于4－乙酰基－2－氨基苯甲醚生产上，可使生产过程中产生的硫酸浓度为2％的硝化废水，浓缩成浓度为30％－40％的浓废酸，可供化肥厂综合利用生产硫铵肥料，从而实现生产废水零排放。实验室和生产规模试验均表明，采用该工艺后，产品的平均得率提高4．1％，产品质量的所有指标达到且超过企业标准（Q／320221NCB02－91）。     

超声辅助电催化氧化降解水杨酸的研究

通过对水杨酸降解的UV扫描吸收光谱的研究表明,在水杨酸的电催化氧化和超声辅助电催化氧化降解过程中,都有吸收紫外光的中间体生成,对吸光度峰值随降解反应时间的变化关系进行非线性最小二乘法拟合(NLSF),发现其衰减均符合表观一级反应动力学规律;而COD值的衰减也都符合表观一级反应动力学规律。GC-MS检测到水杨酸超声辅助电催化氧化降解60 min后,有中间产物甲酸、乙酸、苯酚,认为是水杨酸在.OH的作用下,开环氧化降解生成乙酸和甲酸等小分子有机物,最后降解为二氧化碳和水。     

DNBF-O3-GAC组合工艺深度脱除氮磷及代谢产物

为提高污水厂尾水水质,本研究采用新型缓释碳源复配海绵铁、活性炭作为反硝化生物滤池的复合填料,分别以模拟二级处理出水和实际污水厂尾水为进水,考察了复合缓释碳源填料反硝化生物滤池-臭氧-活性炭(DNBF-O_3-GAC)组合工艺同步脱氮除磷及去除微生物代谢产物的性能,并借助Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析了反硝化生物滤池生物膜中的微生物群落结构特征.结果表明,组合工艺取得了较好的脱氮除磷及微生物代谢产物的效果:模拟配水阶段和实际尾水阶段NO_3~--N平均去除率分别达到88.87%、79.99%;TP平均去除率分别达到87.67%、65.51%;UV254平均去除率分别达到45.51%、49.23%.组合工艺各处理单元具有不同的功能:NO_3~--N、TN、TP、TFe的变化主要发生在反硝化生物滤池反应器中;UV254、三维荧光强度的变化主要发生在臭氧-活性炭反应器中.微生物在属水平进行聚类分析结果表明,反硝化脱氮系统存在硫自养反硝化菌和异养反硝化菌,当实际尾水阶段碳源相对不足时,硫自养反硝化作用有了显著加强,Thiobacillus(硫杆菌属)的占比由7.44%上升至29.62%,硫自养反硝化与异养反硝化形成的这种互补作用延长了新型缓释碳源的使用周期.     

萘普生在氯消毒过程中的去除、转化与风险评价

药用活性化合物（PhACs）在氯消毒过程中生成消毒副产物的问题引起了广泛关注.以典型PhACs物质萘普生（NAP）为研究对象,考察各因素对游离氯与NAP反应的影响,探究NAP氯化机制并进行风险评估.结果表明,NAP氯化反应遵循一级反应动力学,NAP在氯化过程中的降解率和反应速率常数随着NAP初始浓度和氨根离子投加量的增加而降低,随着游离氯初始浓度的增加而增大,酸性条件下更有利于NAP的氯化反应.基于HPLC-MS/MS分析鉴定出5种含氯降解中间产物,并提出氯化NAP反应机制.ESCOAR风险预测和发光菌毒性分析表明氯化NAP过程中生成了毒性更高的中间产物,对饮用水安全可能构成潜在威胁.     

Fenton氧化4-氯酚降解机制研究

为了深入探讨4-氯酚（4-CP）在Fenton氧化体系中的降解机制,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）等多种手段系统分析了反应过程中Fe2＋、Cl-、氧化中间产物对苯二酚、1,4-苯醌、4-氯邻苯二酚和4-氯间苯二酚的浓度以及氧化还原电位（ORP）的变化规律.研究结果表明,Fe2＋浓度经历了短暂的下降之后迅速上升到接近初始的...     

对硫磷的臭氧降解动力与机制

研究了臭氧降解对硫磷的机制、降解中间产物及影响因素。结果表明,对硫磷的臭氧降解是一个臭氧直接氧化为主和羟基自由基间接氧化为辅的氧化过程,并遵循假二级动力学。50mM离子清除剂叔丁醇使对硫磷的降解速率常数从0．09372min^-1降到0．06397min^-1,但溶液pH值对降解速率常数则无明显影响。通过GC／MS分析,确定了对氧磷为对硫磷的臭氧降解中间产物。较高的对硫磷起始浓度和离子清除剂的存在不利于对氧磷进一步降解。     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.