EGSB反应器运行中的床层流态行为及其控制

生物量流失是EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下稳定运行面临的主要问题。利用实验室EGSB反应器在中温条件下处理高浓度葡萄糖废水,研究EGSB反应器在高负荷状态下的床层流态行为及其受影响因素。结果表明,在该反应器结构形式下,当有机负荷达到23-26 kg COD/（m3·d）,水力上升流速在约3.0 m/h,气体上升流速在约1.3 m/h状态下运行时,床层易发生剧烈流化现象,并导致颗粒污泥的解体和流失。降低反应器回流比、减小反应器内水力上升流速,控制床层在悬浮状态时可以有效降低高负荷状态下生物量的流失,并取得了有机负荷46 kg COD/（m3·d）,COD去除率97%以上的处理效果。     

独塔自锚式悬索桥吊索力影响参数敏感性分析*

为了解成桥吊索力对构件刚度、索鞍位置、温度、吊索张拉力等参数的敏感性，保证自锚式悬索桥体系转换能够安全顺利地完成，以天水市罗家沟大桥为工程背景，采用解析法修正空缆线形、有限元法模拟施工过程，分析张拉前参数和张拉过程参数变化对成桥吊索力的影响。结果表明:刚性吊索索力对吊索抗拉刚度变化敏感，在实际施工前可根据实测数据对吊索张拉力进行适当调整；中、长吊索索力对张拉时环境温度比较敏感，中、长吊索临近的吊索索力对第1轮吊索的张拉力偏差比较敏感，在实际施工时应采取相应的措施对张拉力予以精确控制；吊索力对散索鞍沿滑动面滑动的边界处理较敏感，应在有限元建模和施工时予以重视。     

Polymer and invert emulsifying oil effects upon droplet size spectra of sprays

Abstract

A series of wind tunnel atomization studies were carried out to investigate the effects of polymer and invert suspension oil “drift control adjuvants” upon the droplet size distribution spectra produced by nozzles typically used in aerial and ground based spraying of pesticides. A D8–46 disc and core was used as a typical aerial application nozzle, and an 8003 fan nozzle was used for the ground based sprayers simulation. The droplet size spectra were evaluated in a wind tunnel using a Malvern 2600 laser particle size analyzer immediately upon mixing and at 15 minutes after re‐circulation through a pumping system. The addition of the polymer‐based adjuvants significantly increased the droplet size spectra parameters of the spray cloud, but all the polymer products showed signs of breakdown of their molecular arrangements in the liquid medium, as a result of agitation. The invert suspension oil adjuvant did not change the droplet size spectra markedly, nor did it show signs of breakdown of the internal liquid structure after re‐circulation.     

悬浮电解法回收废旧电子印刷线路板中的铜

以废旧电子印刷线路板中的金属铜为处理对象,采用悬浮电解法制取纯铜粉。选择了4个影响铜粉的纯度、脱落率和电流效率的因素,每个因素3个水平进行正交实验。实验结果表明,硫酸铜的浓度、氯离子的浓度和电流密度对铜粉的纯度、脱落率和电流效率有较大的影响。通过对正交实验结果的分析得出最优的电解条件,在此电解条件下可得到铜粉的纯度99.8%、脱落率99.6%和电流效率99.7%。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定ppb级Cu,pb,Cd的实验条件的选择

本文介绍了在环境监测中，经试验研究，确定的用阳极溶出伏安法，连续分析环境样品中重金属Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的最佳条件，即用悬汞电极做工作电极，用０．１Ｍ离氯酸做支持电解质，纯氮除氧。当ＰＨ值取２－７，富集电位数－１．１～－１．２Ｖ时，不但可连续测定一定浓度范围的重金属Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，ＣＵ；而且方法灵敏度高，精密良好，线性相关关系可达０．９９９０，回收率达８５－１１５％，获得了良好的分析效果。     

浙江仇山矿区膨润土、高岭土矿石矿物地质特征

仇山膨润土矿赋存于上株罗统劳村组火山岩中，I、Ⅱ矿层为主矿层，成矿母岩为火山玻璃岩。矿石经X衍射，差热及阳离子交换量等手段测试，按其埋藏深度由浅而深依次为钙基膨润土→钠钙基膨润土→钠基膨润土→高岭土，具蒙脱石向高岭石矿物变化的地质特征。对其形成的成因机理作了分析探讨，系不同的成矿方式和介质条件所致。     

Ca(OH)2、高岭土与FeCl3组配处理含Pb2+废水

采用Ca（OH）2、高岭土与FeCl3组配处理含Pb^2＋废水。考察了Ca（OH）2加入量、高岭土加入量、FeCl3加入量、废水pH、搅拌转速、沉淀时间等因素对Pb^2＋去除率的影响。在Ca（OH）2加入量50mg／L、高岭土加入量90mg／L、FeCl3加入量13．2mg／L、废水pH7．0～8．0、搅拌转速170r／min、沉淀时间90min的条件下，该法可将废水中金属离子（包括Pb^2＋及少量的Zn^2＋，Cu^2＋,Cr^3＋，Ni^2＋）的质量浓度由42．4mg／L降至1．0mg／L以下，达到了GB18918--2002〈《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》。     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

采用悬浮聚合法制备粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体，通过矿化接枝技术将水热法制备的纳米TiO2负载在粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体上，制成负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂。用x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂进行了表征；通过光催化降解甲醛实验评价了负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的活性。实验结果表明，纳米TiO2在载体上分散良好，平均粒径为36．4nm；该催化剂活性较高，明显优于粉体纳米TiO2光催化剂，重复使用10次左右，该催化剂的活性无明显下降。     

Organically modified low-grade kaolin as a secondary containment material for underground storage tanks

Batch scale reactions were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of modified low-grade kaolin for the treatment of petroleum contaminants. Low-grade kaolin, which has been unvalued as material in the mining process because of its low quality for commercial products, was modified with HDTMA (hexadecyl-trimethylammonium), and its efficiency was compared with that of HDTMA-modified bentonite, which is used as a secondary containment barrier for underground storage tanks. The sorption capacity and hydraulic conductivity of both the HDTMA-modified bentonite and low-grade kaolin were investigated and showed distribution coefficients in the sorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene ranging between 45.7 and 583.7 and 57.0 and 525.1, respectively. The hydraulic conductivities were 2.53 × 10⁻⁸ and 5.62 × 10⁻⁸ cm/s for the HDTMA-modified bentonite and low-grade kaolin, respectively. These results suggest that HDTMA-modified low-grade kaolin could be used as a hydraulic barrier against advection migration of petroleum contaminants. Simulation of the one-dimensional transport of benzene through a liner made of either one of the compounds was also performed. These results also showed that HDTMA-modified kaolin more effectively retards the transport of benzene.     

粉煤灰基陶瓷微滤膜处理水中悬浮物的抗污染特性

粉煤灰基陶瓷微滤膜是一种新型的廉价无机膜,为研究其抗污染性能,研究了自制的管式膜在处理几种典型料液中的分离性能和渗透性能.考察了过滤不同料液过程中的阻力构成和膜的抗污染特性,并且和文献报道的同类过程中其他膜材料的性能进行了比较.实验进行了2～45 h无反冲、无清洗的连续运行.在过滤粉煤灰悬浮液、高龄土悬浮液和斜生栅藻悬浮液过程中,截留率可以达到100％,过滤阻力低于类似条件下的其他膜材料,在长时间运行后仍能保持较高的通量,表现出良好的抗污染性能.在过滤活性污泥时,截留率达到99.8％,单位压力下过滤通量达到1 170 L/(m·h·MPa).和其他膜材料相比,单位压力下的过滤通量表现出明显的优势.