兰州市功能区大气细菌污染和城市绿地系统杀菌效应分析

在测定兰州市城市不同功能区和不同类型绿地系统空气细菌数量的基础上,分析了各功能区空气细菌污染状况,以及人流量和车流量与空气细菌数量之间的关系;探讨了不同绿地系统的杀菌效应,指出各绿地系统杀菌能力:乔、灌、草>乔、灌>草、灌>草坪。     

环境监测业务管理系统的设计与开发

以郑州市环境监测中心站监测业务流程为例,从技术路线、系统结构设计、系统功能分析和技术实现等方面分析并介绍了环境监测业务管理系统的特点和开发时需解决的技术问题。探讨了建立基于B/S结构、J2EE技术架构、创新的组件装配方式、Oracle9i数据库、中间件和多层体系结构等多项先进技术进行系统实现的设计方案。     

Linking Land Cover and Water Quality in New York City’S Water Supply Watersheds

The Catskill/Delaware reservoirs supply 90% of New York City’s drinking water. The City has implemented a series of watershed protection measures, including land acquisition, aimed at preserving water quality in the Catskill/Delaware watersheds. The objective of this study was to examine how relationships between landscape and surface water measurements change between years. Thirty-two drainage areas delineated from surface water sample points (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations) were used in step-wise regression analyses to test landscape and surface-water quality relationships. Two measurements of land use, percent agriculture and percent urban development, were positively related to water quality and consistently present in all regression models. Together these two land uses explained 25 to 75% of the regression model variation. However, the contribution of agriculture to water quality condition showed a decreasing trend with time as overall agricultural land cover decreased. Results from this study demonstrate that relationships between land cover and surface water concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria counts over a large area can be evaluated using a relatively simple geographic information system method. Land managers may find this method useful for targeting resources in relation to a particular water quality concern, focusing best management efforts, and maximizing benefits to water quality with minimal costs.The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency’s administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document.     

用灰色聚类法对荔湾湖水质富营养化程度的评价

灰色聚类法把湖泊系统当作一个灰色系统来研究,将灰色聚类理论应用于湖泊富营养化程度的评价中,以广州市荔湾湖为例,建立不同的聚类指标所拥有的隶属函数,确定聚类权重值,求得最大聚类系数及聚类结果,得出用灰色聚类法进行湖泊水质富营养化评价,既能体现水质等级界线的模糊性,又能充分利用信息,避免了模糊数学法的不合理之处。因而,灰色聚类法是一种简便、客观、可靠的方法。     

土壤重金属污染的灰色模糊评价

以灰色聚类为基础，提出了灰色模糊聚类分析法，并将其应用于土壤环境质量评价中，经实例分析表明，这是一种较为简便，合理、有效的评价方法。     

基于B-P神经网络的环境质量评价方法

提出可将环境质量评价的无论是定量指标还是定性参数转化成"二进制"的"1"或"0",进而将这种二进制数引入B-P网络.通过实例探讨,这种新的B-P网络既适用于定量指标的水质参数又适用于定性指标的水质参数.     

新疆番茄酱企业生产废水处理利用方式探析

近年来,新疆番茄酱加工业得到了迅速发展,目前番茄酱的产销量已占全国的90%以上。与此同时，新疆番茄酱生产企业的废水排放量也大幅增加,大量未经处理的废水直接排放,已对当地的水环境构成严重的污染隐患。本文分析了新疆番茄酱企业生产废水的排放特征与目前排放出路的可行性,并结合新疆的自然地理条件及番茄酱企业的分布情况，着重探讨了土地处理这一适合新疆的废水利用方式,以期有利于新疆的环境保护和废水资源的循环利用。     

Modeling the spatial pattern of farmland using GIS and multiple logistic regression: a case study of Maotiao River Basin, Guizhou Province, China

Land use change is an important topic in the field of global environmental change and sustainable development. Land use change modeling has attracted substantial attention because it helps researchers understand the mechanisms of land use change and assists regulatory bodies in formulating relevant policies. Maotiao River Basin is located in the province of Guizhou, China, which has a developed agricultural industry in the karst mountain areas. This paper selected biophysical and social–economic factors as independent variables, and constructed a multiple logistic regression of farmland spatial distribution probability by random sampling. Then, by using GIS technology and integrating the 2000 data, this study predicted the farmland spatial pattern. When the predicted map was compared with the actual farmland map for 2000, we noted that 71% of the simulation is in accordance with the 2000 farmland pattern. The result satisfactorily proves the reasonability and applicability of our model.     

基于耦合模型的安徽经济与环境协调发展分析

构建了经济发展与生态环境评价指标体系，选用耦合协调度模型计算2010—2019年安徽省不同区域经济发展与生态环境的耦合协调度，并采用灰色关联度法计算评价指标与耦合协调度的关联系数。研究结果表明：全省经济发展与生态环境的耦合协调度整体呈改善趋势，耦合协调度集中分布在0.393~0.765，基本处于良好协调或低水平协调阶段。全省不同区域的生态环境指数均大于经济发展指数。省会城市、沿江江南地区耦合协调度高于江淮之间和淮河以北地区。工业"三废"排放量、环境质量、环境污染治理力度是影响经济发展与生态环境耦合协调度的重要因素，建议通过改善这些方面进一步提升经济与环境的耦合协调度水平。     

基于在线监测和SWMM模型的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案评估研究

合流制溢流污染严重威胁着下游受纳水体的水环境质量。为科学评估基于海绵城市理念的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案在解决老城区合流制溢流污染方面的效果,以嘉兴市老城区为研究对象,采用在线监测技术和SWMM数学模型相结合的方式,对嘉兴市老城区合流制排水体制系统化提升方案进行了全面评估。经在线监测评估发现,完成海绵城市改造后,嘉兴市老城区在研究期内的溢流频次减少为26次,小雨不会产生溢流;经SWMM模拟评估发现,完成海绵城市改造后,老城区合流制溢流口年溢流频次减少了132.2次。整体来看,基于海绵城市理念的合流制排水体制系统化提升方案突破了传统末端治理的局限,从雨污水产生、收集的全过程对合流制排水体制进行了系统化整治,对于提升全局水环境质量效果显著。