大庆油田景观生态规划研究

通过大庆油田景观生态现状调查,分析存在的景观生态环境问题,提出切合实际的景观生态规划目标和原则,综合考虑油田生产设施用地、城镇用地、耕地、草地、林地、湿地以及未利用土地等因素,制定以土地利用类型、方式、强度和布局调整及生态基础设施建设为主的规划措施,旨在维护油田景观生态格局在区域背景下的功能和结构的完整和健康,强化景观生态系统生物生产、环境服务和文化支持的功能,实现油田生产与生态环境和谐共生。     

浅谈水库风景区建设在生态保护与修复中的利用——以孝感市为例

在市场经济的条件下,开展水库生态风景区建设,要充分利用库区旅游资源开发带来的经济效益,结合水库风景的特点,按供需平衡关系,改变资源利用形式,按边沿景现再造模式,多层次、可持续地开发与保护水库资源,促进水利风景区的健康发展.     

库布齐沙漠典型地区景观变化研究

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research. We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area. This study area includes four towns: ShuLinZhao, WangAiZhao, BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai. The area of cropland, fixed sand dune, woodland, residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually, while the area of semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003. On the landscape level, the patch shape tended to be regular, and the landscape pattern tended to be simple, causing the fragmentation degree, heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease. Fixed sand dune, Semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes, and residential area, cropland and wetland were the three main import classes. The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration, whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration; this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors. In addition, the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.     

基于景观结构的区域生态风险分析

以深圳市龙华镇为中心的324km²正方形区域为例,以1988～1996年期间的5幅景观遥感解译图为基本信息源,根据不同时段景观元素的结构特征,构造一个综合性生态风险指数,利用系统空间采样方法对生态风险指数进行变量空间化．通过对生态风险指数采样结果进行半变异函数分析和空间插值,可以解释生态风险的空间特征和内在形成机制．结果表明,1988～1996年,工作区内的生态风险强度不断增加,区域分布的不均匀性增大;南北方向为景观人为改造活动的主方向;沿梅澜和石龙两条高速公路沿线形成两条带状高生态风险区域,其中龙华镇中心及周围地区是急需采取保护性措施的重点区域．     

Validating graph-based connectivity models with independent presence–absence and genetic data sets

Habitat connectivity is a key objective of current conservation policies and is commonly modeled by landscape graphs (i.e., sets of habitat patches [nodes] connected by potential dispersal paths [links]). These graphs are often built based on expert opinion or species distribution models (SDMs) and therefore lack empirical validation from data more closely reflecting functional connectivity. Accordingly, we tested whether landscape graphs reflect how habitat connectivity influences gene flow, which is one of the main ecoevolutionary processes. To that purpose, we modeled the habitat network of a forest bird (plumbeous warbler [Setophaga plumbea]) on Guadeloupe with graphs based on expert opinion, Jacobs’ specialization indices, and an SDM. We used genetic data (712 birds from 27 populations) to compute local genetic indices and pairwise genetic distances. Finally, we assessed the relationships between genetic distances or indices and cost distances or connectivity metrics with maximum-likelihood population-effects distance models and Spearman correlations between metrics. Overall, the landscape graphs reliably reflected the influence of connectivity on population genetic structure; validation R² was up to 0.30 and correlation coefficients were up to 0.71. Yet, the relationship among graph ecological relevance, data requirements, and construction and analysis methods was not straightforward because the graph based on the most complex construction method (species distribution modeling) sometimes had less ecological relevance than the others. Cross-validation methods and sensitivity analyzes allowed us to make the advantages and limitations of each construction method spatially explicit. We confirmed the relevance of landscape graphs for conservation modeling but recommend a case-specific consideration of the cost-effectiveness of their construction methods. We hope the replication of independent validation approaches across species and landscapes will strengthen the ecological relevance of connectivity models.     

三江平原淡水湿地生态系统景观格局特征研究——以洪河湿地自然保护区为例

对我国所剩为数不多的淡水湿地植物生态系统原生景观结构特征进行定量分析对于湿地保护与恢复具有重要意义。论文以多年期遥感影像提取洪河国家级湿地自然保护区植物分类信息,在GIS支持下,进行了群落、植被型和景观带3个尺度的景观格局分析。结果表明,草甸灌丛景观是研究区的基质性景观,草甸和沼泽湿地共同占据了研究区植被型的核心地位,小叶章-苔草群落则是植物优势群落。植物生态系统空间格局特征表现为:草甸灌丛分布在广阔的河间干湿交替地带,沼泽湿地主要成条带延伸于河道与洼地带,岛状林则出现在地势较高的岗地段,呈断块分布。研究区典型沼泽湿地面积7年间缩小约10%,周边人类活动造成水资源缺失是退化主要驱动因素,应尽早实行以流域为管理单元的自然资源管理体制。     

不同植被覆盖情景下景观水体水质改善效果模拟研究

再生水作为城市景观水体生态补水的主要水源,能够改善城市景观水体水污染状况,但水体内较高的氮磷物质易造成水体富营养化爆发水华现象,因此,研究水生植物群落对景观水体水质及水生态系统健康的维持意义重大.镜河是以再生水为补水水源的新建景观河道,为提升水环境质量,以流场、COD、氨氮及硝态氮为指标,应用MIKE 21和ECO L...     

不同时空尺度下土地利用结构与空间格局对苏州河水质的影响

土地利用与河湖水质的关系存在时空异质性.以上海苏州河为研究对象,基于2001、2005、2010、2015和2020年水质监测和土地利用数据,提取5种空间尺度（200、500、1 000、2 000和5 000 m河段缓冲区）的景观格局指数,采用相关分析和冗余分析,研究了多时空尺度下苏州河水质与缓冲带土地利用构成和空间格局特征的响应关系.结果表明：①苏州河水质近20年呈逐步改善趋势,TN是当前水体主要污染物.②不同尺度缓冲带土地利用均以建设用地为主,绿地林地占比呈小幅增长趋势.③缓冲带土地利用景观特征与水质存在关联性,并表现出时间和空间尺度效应.时间尺度上,建设用地、农业用地、景观优势度、聚集度和多样性指数与各项水质参数呈现出显著的相关性.就NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN而言,2010年呈现出与其他年份相反的相关关系.2001年土地利用景观特征对水质的总解释率最高,为93.65%.近10年来,绿地林地对水质的调控作用凸显.④空间尺度上,绿地林地、斑块数量、景观形状和多样性指数与大部分水质指标呈现出显著的相关性.绿地林地对NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN的正调控效应均以2 000 m尺度最强.斑块数量和景观形状指数在较大空间尺度上对水质的调控作用相对较强,而香农多样性指数则在小尺度上对水质起到较好的正调控作用.2 000 m尺度下土地利用景观特征对水质总解释率最高,为68.47%.研究表明,增加2 000 m缓冲区内绿地林地的面积并优化其景观配置将对苏州河水质保护具有积极作用.     

景观规划创意与生态旅游的结合--转山湖水库风景区概念性规划简介

本文结合生态旅游讨论一个水库风景区的景观规划创意,从生态规划角度对人与环境的共生主题进行探讨,突出水域生态资源与环境保护可持续发展这一中心,提倡规划项目与时代需要的深入结合,并在具体规划中关注人与环境的共生性问题。     

城区富营养化景观水体的生物修复技术

生物修复技术在富营养化景观水体中有其独特的应用价值,本文综述了生物操纵控藻技术、植物控藻技术和微生物控藻技术的研究现状,讨论和展望了不同生物修复技术相互结合在水体修复中的作用.