钡盐共沉法处理酸性含铅废水

硫酸盐、氯化物复杂体系含铅酸性废水对环境的污染比较严重,并且不易处理.采用钡盐共沉法对含铅废水的处理进行研究,结果表明,钡盐共沉法可有效除去废水中的铅,但除铅效果受铅与废水中氯离子络合程度的影响,而受反应时间、温度、陈化时间的影响较小,容易实现工业化.采用钡盐共沉法处理硫酸盐氯化物复杂体系酸性废水.处理后的废水中含铅量远低于0.5 mg/L.     

Agglomeration rate and action forces between atomized particles of agglomerator and inhaled-particles from coal combustion

In order to remove efficiently haled-particles emissions from coal combustions, a new way was used to put forward the process of agglomeration and the atomization was produced by the nozzle and then sprayed into the flue before precipitation devices of power station boiler in order to make inhaled-particles agglomerate into bigger particles, which can be easily removed but not change existing running conditions of boiler. According to this idea, a model is set up to study agglomeration rate and effect forces between fly ash inhaledparticles and atomized agglomerator particles. The developed agglomeration rate was expressed by relative particle number decreasing speed per unit volume. The result showed that viscosity force and flow resistance force give main influences on agglomeration effect of inhaledparticles, while springiness force and gravity have little effect on agglomeration effect of theirs. Factors influencing the agglomeration rate and effect forces are studied, including agglomerator concentration, agglomerator flux and agglomerator density, atomized-particles diameters and inhaled-particles diameter and so on.     

大气PM2.5对巨噬细胞的毒性作用研究

以上海市工业区，交通区、郊区3个功能区的大气PM2.5粒子，对腹腔巨噬细胞进行染毒培养，台酚蓝染色测定细胞存活率，酵母菌吞噬实验测定其吞噬功能，流式细胞仪检测凋亡情况，结果显示，随大气PM2.5粒子浓度增加，巨噬细胞存活率和吞噬功能下降，巨噬细胞出现凋亡，其中交通区大气PM2.5染毒组的观察指标改变较明显，提示了大气PM2.5粒子对巨噬细胞具有细胞毒性，而交通区大气PM2.5粒子的毒性较大。     

黄河水中氨基酸对铅(Ⅱ)与悬浮粒子相互作用的影响

研究了五种氨基酸对黄河水中铅 ( )与悬浮粒子相互作用的离子交换率 E( % )— p H关系曲线的影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)水体中五种氨基酸浓度分别为 2μmol· L- 1 时提高 E( % )的顺序是 :组氨酸 >脯氨酸 >丙氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >赖氨酸 ;( 2 )与未加有机物相比“S型曲线”左移 0 .4～ 1.3个 p H单位 ,Δ p H左移值顺序为 :组氨酸 >天门冬氨酸 >丙氨酸 >赖氨酸 >脯氨酸 ;( 3 )随着脯氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和胱氨酸浓度增加 ,离子交换率提高。     

北京PM10中矿物颗粒的微观形貌及粒度分布

使用高分辨率环境扫描电镜和图像分析技术对北京PM10中矿物颗粒的微观形貌和粒度分布特征进行了研究．结果表明，北京PM10中的矿物颗粒按其形貌、组成特点可以分为单矿物和矿物集合体2类；矿物颗粒多以不规则的形态出现；形态规则的矿物主要是硫酸盐类矿物，是大气化学反应的产物，形态不规则的矿物是来自扬尘的原生矿物．不同类型污染产生的PM10中矿物颗粒的粒度分布特征表现不同，在沙尘暴样品和道路扬尘样品中矿物颗粒的粒度峰值在1～2．5μm；在局地扬尘的样品中，矿物颗粒的粒度较粗．主要分布在1—2．5μm和2．5—10μm．     

石家庄市颗粒物质量浓度及粒度随高度变化规律

随着经济快速发展,城市高层建筑日益增多,人们活动空间增至到距离地面40m～100m高处,因此大气垂直空间的颗粒物污染状况日益受到人们的关注.就此,进行了可吸入颗粒物质量浓度、粒度的垂直分布研究,得到了可吸入颗粒物在垂直空间中的分布规律,建立了PM10随高度分布的回归方程,并对不同高度的浮尘样品进行粒度分布研究,进一步验证了PM10随高度增加细粒子含量增加的垂直分布规律.     

Lead Concentration and Composition of Organic Compounds in Settled Particles in Road Tunnels from the Caracas Valley-Venezuela

Settled particulate matter was collected in three heavily travelled roadway tunnels (Trinidad, Paraiso and El Valle) to be characterised in terms of lead concentration and composition of organic compounds. Atomic Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed to isolate and identify Pb in acid extracts, and organic compounds in hexane and hexane-dichloromethane extracts. The results for lead analysis reveal that the total concentration present in each tunnel ranges from 5500 to 1260gg^–1. This figure indicates a relatively low concentration of lead for settled particles, compared with those reported for suspended particles in this kind of environment, which suggests the lead fractionating between settled and suspended particles in the Caracas Valley area. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the presence of total carbon (total organic carbon + carbonate), to be between 10% and 20% of the total sample. Of this total carbon, 55% is under carbonate (calcite) form and 45% as organic carbon, mostly in the form of tire residues. A fraction of this organic carbon (1%) is soluble in organic solvent (hexane-dichloromethane). The analysis of saturated hydrocarbons showed a similar distribution pattern for each sample. The n-alkane, terpane and sterane compounds, closely resemble those present in gasoline and lubricant additives. The aromatic fraction also displays very similar patterns for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted by alkyl dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene. The distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples was found to be very similar to those in the diesel fuel used by heavy truck vehicles.     

载带苯并[a]芘的纳米碳／二氧化硅颗粒引起大鼠氧化应激作用的研究

通过人工制备载带B[a]P的纳米碳(C)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)颗粒,采用气管滴注染毒方式,以7.5mg·kg-1(以体重计)的染毒剂量急性染毒大鼠,观察染毒24小时后载带B[a]P的纳米C/SiO2颗粒对机体产生氧化应激损伤的联合毒性效应.结果表明,在急性染毒后大鼠外周血中反映机体脂质过氧化损伤程度指标的丙二醛(MDA)含量表现为染毒组较对照组显著增加(p<0.05),表明纳米颗粒诱发机体发生了氧化应激反应.在急性染毒后各组大鼠肺泡灌洗液中谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力与对照组相比显著增加(p<0.05)(载带B[a]P的纳米SiO2组除外);载带B[a]P的纳米SiO2组肺泡灌洗液中GSH-PX活力与对照组相比无显著差异,而与单纯纳米SiO2组和B[a]P组比较显著降低,推测与抗氧化酶的一过性增高有关;载带B[a]P的纳米C组肺泡灌洗液T-SOD活力与其单纯纳米C组和单纯B[a]P组比较显著增加(p<0.05),由此表明载带B[a]P的复合纳米C/SiO2颗粒在致机体氧化损伤效应方面二者存在一定的协同作用.     

利用绿矾开发超细氧化铁颜料的研究进展

硫酸法钛白副产物硫酸亚铁可用于制备细氧化铁颜料，该文主要评述利用绿矾开发超细绿化铁颜料的净化方法，颜料制备及其工艺条件对粒子形态的影响，认为此法既有利于环境保护，又能为废为宝，值得介绍推广。     

深圳湾水域中重金属在不同相间的分布特征

在深圳湾水域采集沉积物、上覆水和悬浮颗粒物样品开展重金属污染研究。结果表明，表层沉积物中金属浓度呈上升趋势，尤其是锌。湾内沉积物中锌、镉、钴和镍的可交换态比例明显高于湾外，体现了沿岸污染径流输入的影响。悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物之间的物质交换和再分配导致两相间金属浓度显著相关，从湾内向湾外，铜、镍锌的浓度梯度在异相间表现出相似的空间变化模式。