环境信息数字图书馆系统构建研究

文章简要叙述了建立环境信息数字图书馆的意义及其在黑龙江省环境信息化推进过程中的地位与作用,叙述了数字图书馆的发展概况及基本技术体系,比较了国际和国内数字图书馆的发展历程。结合环保行业自身的特点和目前环保信息化所处的阶段,论证了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆建立的可行性。概述了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的建设原则,总体目标,概括了黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的总体构成,并提出黑龙江省环境信息数字图书馆的建设构想。     

Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in response to various habitats in Pearl River Delta of China, a subtropical maritime zone

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widely considered key to ammonia oxidation in various environments. However, little work has been conducted to simultaneously investigate the abundance and diversity of AOA as well as correlations between archaeal amoA genotypes and environmental parameters of different ecosystems at one district. To understand the abundance, diversity, and distribution of AOA in Pearl River Delta of China in response to various habitats, the archaeal amoA genes in soil, marine, river, lake, hot spring and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples were investigated using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and clone libraries. Our analyses indicated that the diversity of AOA in various habitats was different and could be clustered into five major clades, i.e., estuary sediment, marine water/sediment, soil, hot spring and Cluster 1. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the structure of AOA communities in similar ecological habitats exhibited strong relation. The canonical correspondence method indicated that the AOA community structure was strongly correlated to temperature, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen variables. Assessing AOA amoA gene copy numbers, ranging from 6.84×10⁶ to 9.45×10⁷ copies/g in dry soil/sediment, and 6.06×10⁶ to 2.41×10⁷ copies/L in water samples, were higher than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 1-2 orders of magnitude. However, AOA amoA copy numbers were much lower than AOB in WWTP activated sludge samples. Overall, these studies suggested that AOA may be a major contributor to ammonia oxidation in natural habitats but play a minor role in highly aerated activated sludge. The result also showed the ratio of AOA to AOB amoA gene abundance was positively correlated with temperature and less correlated with other environmental parameters. New data from our study provide increasing evidence for the relative abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in the global nitrogen cycle.     

安徽环保专项资金项目库系统浅析

随着政府加大对环保专项的资金投入,各类环保专项资金的申报管理任务日益繁重与复杂,用信息化手段辅助项目管理具有重要意义.本文通过对安徽省环保专项资金项目库系统建设的浅析,对提升全国环保专项资金管理水平具有参考与借鉴意义.结论对促进环保专项资金项目管理提供管理流程和技术参考.     

新型硫铁复合填料强化再生水深度脱氮除磷

为强化再生水深度脱氮除磷的能力,利用硫磺粉、海绵铁粉等制备出一种新型复合填料,并在不同HRT和C/N条件下将其与同种物质组成的颗粒混合填料进行对比实验.最后通过高通量测序技术对两填料表面的微生物种群结构进行了研究.结果表明,在不同条件下新型填料的脱氮除磷能力均优于颗粒混合填料;当HRT=4 h、C/N=1时,新型填料的总氮、总磷去除率均分别比颗粒填料高出30%以上.根据高通量测序结果,两反应器内的反硝化体系均由硫自养反硝化种群和异养反硝化种群构成,且新型填料系统内的硫自养反硝化菌群所占比例更大,两反应器内的优势种属分别为Sulfurimonas和Acinetobacter.     

俄罗斯图书馆虚拟咨询服务研究

"公共图书馆虚拟信息咨询服务"是俄罗斯专门信息咨询性网站提供的项目,它具有全国图书馆的合作性,咨询服务对象和咨询内容具有公众性。揭示和探讨虚拟咨询服务模式的形成、服务内容、服务特色与服务方式,以全面展现俄罗斯虚拟咨询服务的整体发展状况和水平,在此基础上,分析和总结俄罗斯虚拟咨询服务的6个特点。     

秦皇岛近海养殖对潮间带微生物群落多样性的影响

潮间带微生物群落在驱动海岸带生态系统物质循环和能量流动中具有重要作用,近海养殖造成的环境问题日益凸显,但其对潮间带微生物群落结构的影响还缺乏研究。采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）的分子生物学技术,研究秦皇岛养殖区与旅游区潮间带沉积物中微生物多样性的差异,分析养殖区微生物的16S rRNA基因文库的组成特征。结果表明：养殖区的微生物群落结构与旅游区形成较大的差异,DGGE图谱中养殖区的特有条带主要集中于γ-变形菌纲（γ-proteobacteria）,还分布于α-变形菌纲（α-proteobacteria）,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。影响潮间带微生物的群落结构的主要环境因子包括温度、盐度、pH和NO3-浓度,影响率达55.2%。对差异最大的洋河大桥南养殖区（Q1站）的微生物样品建立克隆文库分析群落结构,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为优势菌群,占总群落的60%,其中γ-变形菌纲是主要存在的微生物纲,其余菌群包括放线菌门、拟杆菌门、蓝藻菌门（Cyanobacteria）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）的微生物。养殖区海岸带微生物群落中出现了与环境污染和赤潮密切相关的菌群,如拟杆菌门、肠杆菌属（Enterobacteriaceae）和α-变形细菌红细菌目（Roseovarius）的微生物。     

图书馆生物污染现状研究

在分析了图书馆生物污染原因的基础上,对部分馆舍的空气和纸质文献受生物污染状况进行了研究,结果表明:图书流通阅览室、期刊阅览室以及学生自习室的空气冬天比夏天细菌数量高,冬天全天平均细菌数量为8.9×104个/m3以上,而夏天则为6.0×104个/m3;典藏书库冬天全天平均细菌数量为5.2×104个/m3,夏天为6.3×104个/m3左右;纸质文献受微生物污染程度与借阅率基本上呈正比关系。     

Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere

Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application.     

宏基因组学(Metagenomics)的研究现状和发展趋势

随着分子生物学技术的快速发展及其在微生物生态学和环境微生物学研究中的广泛应用,促进了以环境中未培养微生物为研究对象的新兴学科--微生物环境基因组学(又叫宏基因组学、元基因组学,Metagenomics)的产生和快速发展.宏基因组学通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库,利用基因组学的研究策略研究环境样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能.在短短几年内,宏基因组学研究已渗透到各个领域,包括海洋、土壤、热液口、热泉、人体口腔及胃肠道等,并在医药、替代能源、环境修复、生物技术,农业、生物防御及伦理学等各方面显示了重要的价值.对宏基因组学的主要研究方法、热点内容及发展趋势进行了综述,建议在我国尽快启动有关宏基因组学的研究,从国家层面上开展联合攻关,拓展当前的研究领域,发展相关研究策略和技术,开展广泛的国际合作,使我国在宏基因组学研究领域占据有利地位.     

Analytical solutions of three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media: A library

The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields.