电驱动道路车辆 动力锂离子电池系统寿命循环试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池系统寿命循环试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将寿命循环试验方法和要求作描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

中国电子废物回收处理体系的生态效率分析

应用生态效率分析方法,以废弃台式电脑电源为例,对电子废物回收处理体系的2种不同策略进行模拟与比较,以探索适合我国国情的电子废物回收处理模式。其中环境效应的评价采用生命周期评价方法,经济价值采用生命周期成本分析方法。结果表明,以人力收集与人工拆解、元件再利用为特点的电子废物回收处理策略的生态效率要优于以机动车辆运输与破碎、分选处理相结合的策略。从生命周期阶段看,人力收集运输相比机动车辆收集运输模式,并不存在明显优势。但在处理处置阶段,人工拆解与元件再利用的模式生态效率更高。综合考虑,建议在收集运输阶段应鼓励发展高效合理的机动车辆收集运输模式,在处理处置阶段应更多支持人工拆解与元件再利用的模式。     

产品生态设计研究进展

产品生态设计在减少资源消耗,实现可持续发展的同时又可以帮助企业降低生产成本,提高企业竞争能力.因此,生态设计的发展被社会各界广泛关注.本文从产品生态设计的概念入手,分析了其与生命周期评价的关系.总结了生态设计在国际和国内的研究进展.在此基础上提出了产品生态设计今后发展的建议,为促进生态设计的进一步发展起到抛砖引玉的作用.     

城市生活垃圾向土壤释放重金属研究

以南京为例，研究了城市生活垃圾对堆放环境土壤中重金属元素含量（总含量、各形态含量）的影响及其量比关系。结果表明，重金属元素在土壤中的含量和形态分布特征受其从垃圾中释放率的影响。自垃圾堆放环境土壤中释放的重金属含量与其有效态部分含量正相关。     

酒店服务业生命周期评价体系研究

生命周期评价被认为是解决环境污染问题,实现可持续性发展的重要工具。初步建立了酒店服务业生命周期评价模型,并详细地分析了酒店服务业生命周期评价的框架结构,讨论了生命周期评价在酒店服务业中的应用前景。酒店服务业生命周期评价体系必将成为未来酒店服务业实现可持续发展的主要工具。     

几种油气输送管材料的疲劳特性与管道寿命预测

针对油气输送管道的疲劳问题,选择管道工程中常用的螺旋缝埋弧焊管(SSAW)、高频电阻焊管(ERW)和直缝埋弧焊管(UOE)3种材料采用小试样对不同区域(管体、焊缝、热影响区)的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行测试与对比研究.同时,采用自行研制的油气输送管全尺寸实物疲劳试验系统对含裂纹类缺陷的X60 SSAW焊管进行了水压实物疲劳试验,对含表面裂纹缺陷的输送管在承受内压疲劳载荷下表面裂纹的扩展规律进行了探索研究.建立了小试验疲劳试验与管道实物疲劳试验结果的相关性.该研究结果为管道的抗疲劳设计与评价、在役管道疲劳寿命的预测和检测周期的确定提供了依据.     

弹箭贮存寿命预测预报技术综述

概述了弹箭系统贮存寿命预测预报技术的研究现状及研究方法。对弹箭系统的橡胶构件、发射药、推进剂、固体发动机的贮存寿命预测预报技术进行了详细介绍。阐明了现有技术的优点及缺陷．并且表明针对不同的产品应选择适当的方法及条件才能得出相对比较可信的预估贮存寿命。     

Life cycle assessment of biofibres replacing glass fibres as reinforcement in plastics

This article aims to determine the environmental performance of China reed fibre used as a substitute for glass fibre as reinforcement in plastics and to identify key environmental parameters. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed on these two materials for an application to plastic transport pallets. Transport pallets reinforced with China reed fibre prove to be ecologically advantageous if they have a minimal lifetime of 3 years compared with the 5-year lifetime of the conventional pallet. The energy consumption and other environmental impacts are strongly reduced by the use of raw renewable fibres, due to three important factors: (a) the substitution of glass fibre production by the natural fibre production; (b) the indirect reduction in the use of polypropylene linked to the higher proportion of China reed fibre used and (c) the reduced pallet weight, which reduces fuel consumption during transport. Considering the whole life cycle, the polypropylene production process and the transport cause the strongest environmental impacts during the use phase of the life cycle. Since thermoplastic composites are hardly biodegradable, incineration has to be preferred to discharge on landfills at the end of its useful life cycle. The potential advantages of the renewable fibres will be effective only if a purer fibre extraction is obtained to ensure an optimal material stiffness, a topic for further research. China reed biofibres are finally compared with other usages of biomass, biomaterials, in general, can enable a three to ten times more efficient valorisation of biomass than mere heat production or biofuels for transport.     

生命周期评价在清洁生产领域的应用前景

生命周期评价(LCA)作为一种产品环境特征分析和决策支持工具,技术上已经日趋成熟,并在国际社会得到较广泛的应用.由于它也同时是一种有效的清洁生产工具,因而可以在我国清洁生产审计、产品生态设计、废物管理、生态工业等方面发挥应有的作用.目前应尽快引进和消化吸收国际上先进的LCA方法,建立符合中国国情的LCA方法学体系和数据支撑体系,并在此基础上开展各个领域、各种形式的应用研究与示范.      

The role of social media for sustainable development in mountain region tourism in Pakistan

This research letter focuses on tourist behavior and tourism business operators’ contributions to rural mountain region economic growth and sustainable development when using social media. Data were collected from 43 interviews from different tourism business operators, and a questionnaire survey of 576 tourists from the Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Drawing on development communication theory, the study reveals that there is a positive relationship between the tourists’ intentions and rural mountain region sustainable development. The study also reveals that most tourists are willing to pay more taxes when touring mountain regions. The real business outcomes from tourism business operators show that rural mountain region tourism creates better employment opportunities for the rural population. All tourists demonstrated the motivation to take part in rural mountain region sustainable development while touring rural locations. The study also offers policy implications.